Definition and Purpose:
Spiritual examination refers to the introspective practice of evaluating one's spiritual life, beliefs, and behaviors in light of biblical teachings. It is a process of self-reflection and assessment aimed at aligning one's life more closely with the will of God. This practice is rooted in the desire for spiritual growth, maturity, and holiness.

Biblical Basis:
The concept of spiritual examination is deeply embedded in Scripture. The Apostle Paul encourages believers to engage in self-examination in several of his epistles. In 2 Corinthians 13:5, Paul writes, "Examine yourselves to see whether you are in the faith; test yourselves. Can’t you see for yourselves that Jesus Christ is in you—unless you actually fail the test?" . This verse underscores the importance of regularly assessing one's faith and relationship with Christ.

Similarly, in 1 Corinthians 11:28, Paul instructs believers to examine themselves before partaking in the Lord's Supper: "Each one must examine himself before he eats of the bread and drinks of the cup" . This examination is meant to ensure that individuals approach the sacrament with a heart of repentance and sincerity.

Methods of Spiritual Examination:
1. Prayer and Meditation: Engaging in prayer and meditation on Scripture allows individuals to seek God's guidance and wisdom in understanding their spiritual state. Psalm 139:23-24 serves as a model prayer for examination: "Search me, O God, and know my heart; test me and know my concerns. See if there is any offensive way in me, and lead me in the way everlasting" .

2. Scriptural Reflection: Regular reading and reflection on the Bible provide a mirror for one's soul. James 1:22-25 emphasizes the importance of not only hearing the Word but also doing it, likening the Word to a mirror that reveals one's true self.

3. Confession and Repentance: Acknowledging and confessing sins is a crucial aspect of spiritual examination. 1 John 1:9 assures believers of God's faithfulness in forgiving sins: "If we confess our sins, He is faithful and just to forgive us our sins and to cleanse us from all unrighteousness" .

4. Accountability: Engaging with fellow believers for accountability can aid in spiritual examination. Proverbs 27:17 states, "As iron sharpens iron, so one man sharpens another" , highlighting the value of mutual encouragement and correction.

Outcomes of Spiritual Examination:
The process of spiritual examination can lead to several outcomes, including increased awareness of personal sin, a deeper understanding of God's grace, and a renewed commitment to living a Christ-centered life. It fosters humility, as individuals recognize their dependence on God's mercy and strength. Additionally, it can result in greater spiritual fruitfulness, as believers seek to embody the virtues outlined in Galatians 5:22-23, such as love, joy, peace, and self-control.

Challenges and Considerations:
While spiritual examination is beneficial, it can also be challenging. It requires honesty, vulnerability, and a willingness to confront uncomfortable truths about oneself. There is a risk of falling into legalism or self-condemnation if the focus shifts from God's grace to personal performance. Therefore, it is essential to approach spiritual examination with a heart of humility and reliance on the Holy Spirit for guidance and transformation.