Name and Meaning:
Sarai, later renamed Sarah by God, is a significant matriarch in the biblical narrative. The name "Sarai" is believed to mean "my princess," while "Sarah" means "princess," reflecting her role as a mother of nations.

Biblical References:
Sarah is first introduced in Genesis 11:29 as the wife of Abram (later Abraham). Her account unfolds primarily in the Book of Genesis, with key references in Genesis 12-23. She is also mentioned in the New Testament, notably in Romans 4:19, Hebrews 11:11, and 1 Peter 3:6.

Family and Early Life:
Sarah was the daughter of Terah, making her both the half-sister and wife of Abraham (Genesis 20:12). Her early life is not detailed extensively in the Bible, but she is known to have been barren for much of her life, which was a significant source of distress and a central theme in her account.

Journey to Canaan:
Sarah accompanied Abraham from Ur of the Chaldeans to Haran and then to Canaan, following God's call to Abraham to leave his homeland (Genesis 12:1-5). Her faith and obedience are evident as she supports Abraham in his journey, despite the uncertainties and challenges they faced.

The Promise of a Son:
God promised Abraham that he would be the father of many nations, and Sarah was to be the mother of the promised heir. Despite her initial disbelief due to her old age, as recorded in Genesis 18:12, God reaffirmed His promise, and Sarah eventually gave birth to Isaac when she was 90 years old (Genesis 21:1-3). This miraculous birth is a testament to God's faithfulness and power.

Hagar and Ishmael:
Before Isaac's birth, Sarah, in her impatience and desperation for a child, gave her maidservant Hagar to Abraham as a concubine, resulting in the birth of Ishmael (Genesis 16:1-4). This decision led to tension and conflict within the household, as Sarah later demanded that Hagar and Ishmael be sent away (Genesis 21:9-10). God's provision and care for Hagar and Ishmael are also highlighted in the narrative.

Character and Legacy:
Sarah is portrayed as a woman of beauty and strength, yet also one who struggled with doubt and impatience. Her laughter at the promise of a son (Genesis 18:12) and later her joy at Isaac's birth (Genesis 21:6) reflect her complex character. Despite her flaws, she is honored in the New Testament as a woman of faith. Hebrews 11:11 commends her faith in God's promise, and 1 Peter 3:6 holds her up as an example of submission and respect towards her husband.

Death and Burial:
Sarah lived to be 127 years old and died in Hebron, in the land of Canaan (Genesis 23:1-2). Abraham mourned her passing and purchased the cave of Machpelah as a burial site, which became the family tomb (Genesis 23:19-20).

Significance in Salvation History:
Sarah's role as the mother of Isaac places her at the heart of God's covenantal promise to Abraham. Through Isaac, the line leading to the Messiah, Jesus Christ, was established, fulfilling God's promise that through Abraham's offspring all nations would be blessed (Genesis 22:18). Her life and faith journey continue to inspire and teach believers about trust in God's promises and the fulfillment of His divine plan.