The phrase "the just shall live by faith" is a profound biblical concept that appears in both the Old and New Testaments, serving as a cornerstone for understanding the relationship between faith and righteousness. This prophecy is first articulated in the book of Habakkuk and is later expounded upon in the New Testament, highlighting its enduring theological significance.

Old Testament Context: Habakkuk 2:4

The origin of the phrase is found in Habakkuk 2:4, where the prophet contrasts the proud with the righteous: "Look at the proud one; his soul is not upright—but the righteous will live by his faith" . In this context, Habakkuk is addressing the impending judgment on Judah and the rise of the Babylonians. The prophet is perplexed by the apparent triumph of wickedness and questions God's justice. God's response emphasizes that, despite the current circumstances, the righteous must live by faith, trusting in God's ultimate plan and justice.

This declaration serves as a reassurance to the faithful remnant in Judah that their trust in God will sustain them through trials. It underscores the principle that righteousness is not merely a matter of external compliance with the law but is deeply rooted in a steadfast faith in God.

New Testament Exposition

The New Testament writers, particularly the Apostle Paul, draw heavily on Habakkuk's prophecy to articulate the doctrine of justification by faith. This concept becomes a central theme in Paul's epistles, where he uses the phrase to explain the nature of salvation and the believer's relationship with God.

1. Romans 1:17: Paul writes, "For the gospel reveals the righteousness of God that comes by faith from start to finish, just as it is written: 'The righteous will live by faith'" . Here, Paul introduces the idea that the gospel itself is the revelation of God's righteousness, accessible through faith. This verse sets the stage for the entire epistle, where Paul elaborates on justification by faith apart from works of the law.

2. Galatians 3:11: In addressing the Galatian church, Paul asserts, "Now it is clear that no one is justified before God by the law, because, 'The righteous will live by faith'" . Paul contrasts the works of the law with faith, emphasizing that adherence to the law cannot justify anyone. Instead, it is faith in Christ that brings about true righteousness.

3. Hebrews 10:38: The author of Hebrews also references this prophecy: "But My righteous one will live by faith; and if he shrinks back, I will take no pleasure in him" . This citation serves as an encouragement to persevere in faith, especially in the face of persecution and trials. It reinforces the idea that faith is not a one-time act but a continual way of life for the believer.

Theological Implications

The prophecy "the just shall live by faith" encapsulates a fundamental biblical truth about the nature of righteousness and the believer's relationship with God. It affirms that righteousness is not achieved through human effort or adherence to the law but is granted through faith in God's promises. This principle is foundational to the doctrine of justification by faith, which asserts that believers are declared righteous before God solely on the basis of their faith in Jesus Christ.

Furthermore, this prophecy highlights the transformative power of faith, which not only justifies but also sustains the believer in their daily walk with God. It calls for a life characterized by trust and reliance on God's faithfulness, even amidst uncertainty and adversity. The enduring relevance of this prophecy is evident in its repeated emphasis throughout Scripture, underscoring its centrality to the Christian faith.