Perfumers:

In ancient Israel, perfumers held a significant role, particularly in religious and royal contexts. The craft of perfumery is mentioned in the Bible in relation to the preparation of sacred anointing oils and incense. Exodus 30:25 describes the creation of a "sacred anointing oil, a fragrant blend, the work of a perfumer," which was used to consecrate the Tabernacle and its furnishings. This highlights the skill and artistry required in the preparation of these holy substances.

Perfumes and incense were integral to worship and offerings, symbolizing prayers ascending to God. In 1 Chronicles 9:30, it is noted that some of the sons of the priests were responsible for preparing the mixture of spices, indicating the importance of this task within the temple service. The role of perfumers extended beyond religious duties, as perfumes were also used for personal adornment and in burial practices, as seen in the New Testament when Mary anoints Jesus with costly perfume (John 12:3).

Cooks:

Cooks in biblical times were essential for both daily sustenance and special occasions. The preparation of food was a vital part of hospitality, a highly valued virtue in the ancient Near East. Genesis 18:6-8 illustrates this when Abraham prepares a meal for his divine visitors, instructing Sarah to make bread and selecting a tender calf for the meal.

In royal settings, cooks were part of the king's retinue, responsible for preparing elaborate feasts. 1 Samuel 8:13 mentions that a king would take daughters to be "perfumers, cooks, and bakers," indicating the structured and hierarchical nature of royal households. The role of cooks was not only practical but also symbolic, as sharing a meal often signified fellowship and covenant, as seen in the Last Supper (Luke 22:19-20).

Bakers:

Bakers were crucial in a society where bread was a staple food. The process of baking bread is frequently mentioned in the Bible, reflecting its centrality to daily life. In Genesis 40:1-3, the chief baker of Pharaoh is imprisoned alongside the chief cupbearer, highlighting the importance of these roles in the royal court.

Bread held significant symbolic meaning, representing sustenance and life. In Leviticus 24:5-9, the instructions for the showbread, or "bread of the Presence," are given, which was to be placed before the Lord continually in the Tabernacle. This bread symbolized God's provision and covenant with Israel.

The New Testament continues to emphasize the importance of bread, with Jesus referring to Himself as the "bread of life" (John 6:35), underscoring the spiritual nourishment He provides. The Lord's Prayer also includes a petition for "our daily bread" (Matthew 6:11), reflecting reliance on God's provision.

In summary, perfumers, cooks, and bakers played vital roles in biblical society, contributing to religious practices, hospitality, and daily sustenance. Their crafts were not only practical but also carried deep spiritual and symbolic significance throughout the biblical narrative.