Onyx stones hold a significant place in biblical history and symbolism, often associated with beauty, craftsmanship, and divine instruction. The onyx stone is a variety of chalcedony, characterized by its parallel bands of color, typically black and white, though other colors can occur. In the biblical context, onyx is mentioned several times, highlighting its importance in ancient Israelite culture and worship.

Biblical References:

1. Creation and the Garden of Eden:
The first mention of onyx stones in the Bible is found in the description of the land of Havilah, a region noted for its natural resources. Genesis 2:12 states, "And the gold of that land is good; aromatic resin and onyx stone are there." This early reference associates onyx with the richness and abundance of God's creation.

2. Priestly Garments:
Onyx stones were integral to the design of the high priest's garments, as commanded by God to Moses. In Exodus 28:9-12, the Lord instructs, "Take two onyx stones and engrave on them the names of the sons of Israel, six names on one stone and the remaining six on the other, in the order of their birth. Engrave the names of the sons of Israel on the two stones as a jeweler engraves a seal. Mount them in gold filigree settings. Fasten both stones onto the shoulder pieces of the ephod as memorial stones for the sons of Israel." These stones served as a perpetual reminder of the twelve tribes of Israel, symbolizing the high priest's role as an intercessor for the people before God.

3. The Breastplate of Judgment:
Onyx is also mentioned in the context of the breastplate of judgment, worn by the high priest. Exodus 28:20 includes onyx as one of the stones set in the breastplate, each stone representing one of the twelve tribes of Israel. This breastplate was a critical element of the high priest's attire, used in discerning God's will for the nation.

4. Solomon's Temple:
The opulence of King Solomon's reign is reflected in the use of onyx stones in the construction of the temple. In 1 Chronicles 29:2, David prepares materials for the temple, stating, "With all my resources I have provided for the temple of my God—gold for the gold work, silver for the silver, bronze for the bronze, iron for the iron, and wood for the wood, as well as onyx for the settings, turquoise, stones of various colors, and all kinds of fine stone and marble—all of these in large quantities." The inclusion of onyx in the temple's construction underscores its value and beauty.

Symbolism and Significance:

Onyx stones in the Bible symbolize strength, beauty, and divine favor. Their use in the high priest's garments and the temple signifies a connection between the divine and the earthly, representing God's covenant with Israel and His presence among His people. The engraving of the tribes' names on the onyx stones highlights the importance of remembrance and intercession, key themes in the spiritual life of Israel.

In biblical times, onyx was not only a precious stone but also a medium through which God's instructions and covenantal promises were visually and tangibly represented. Its enduring presence in Scripture reflects the timeless nature of God's relationship with His people and the beauty of His creation.