Definition and Botanical Context:
Aloes, often referred to as "Lign-Aloes" in biblical texts, are aromatic substances derived from the wood of certain trees. The term "aloes" in the Bible is generally understood to refer to the fragrant wood of the Aquilaria tree, also known as agarwood or eaglewood. This wood is highly valued for its fragrance and is used in perfumes and incense.

Biblical References:
Aloes are mentioned several times in the Bible, often in the context of perfumes, burial practices, and as a symbol of luxury and abundance. The following are key scriptural references to aloes:

1. Numbers 24:6 : In Balaam's oracle, the beauty and prosperity of Israel are likened to "aloes planted by the LORD." This imagery suggests a sense of divine blessing and flourishing.

2. Psalm 45:8 : "All Your garments are fragrant with myrrh and aloes and cassia; from palaces of ivory, harps make you glad." Here, aloes are part of a royal and luxurious setting, emphasizing the majesty and splendor associated with the king.

3. Proverbs 7:17 : "I have perfumed my bed with myrrh, with aloes, and with cinnamon." This verse illustrates the use of aloes in creating an enticing and sensuous atmosphere, highlighting its role in personal adornment and allure.

4. Song of Solomon 4:14 : "Nard and saffron, calamus and cinnamon, with every kind of spice, with myrrh and aloes, with all the finest spices." Aloes are included in a list of exotic and precious spices, symbolizing the richness and beauty of love.

5. John 19:39 : "Nicodemus, who had previously come to Jesus at night, also brought a mixture of myrrh and aloes, about seventy-five pounds." This passage describes the use of aloes in the burial of Jesus, indicating its significance in Jewish burial customs and its association with honor and respect.

Cultural and Historical Significance:
In ancient times, aloes were highly prized for their aromatic properties and were often imported from distant lands, such as India and Southeast Asia. The wood was used in the production of incense, perfumes, and embalming materials. The high value placed on aloes is evident in their frequent mention alongside other costly spices and perfumes.

Symbolism and Theological Implications:
Aloes in the Bible often symbolize wealth, luxury, and divine favor. Their inclusion in descriptions of royal garments, bridal preparations, and burial rites underscores their association with honor and reverence. The use of aloes in the burial of Jesus highlights the respect and devotion shown to Him, even in death, and serves as a testament to His kingship and the fulfillment of prophecy.

Conclusion:
While the Bible does not provide extensive details about the specific botanical characteristics of aloes, their repeated mention in various contexts underscores their importance in biblical times. As a symbol of beauty, wealth, and divine blessing, aloes continue to hold a place of significance in the study of biblical texts and their cultural and theological implications.Numbers 2:1-6
And the LORD spoke to Moses and to Aaron, saying,
Nave's Topical Index

174. ahalim -- the aloe (a tree)
... tree of aloes. Or (feminine) ahalowth {a-haw-loth'} (only used thus in the plural);
of foreign origin; aloe wood (ie Sticks) -- (tree of lign-) aloes. ...
/hebrew/174.htm - 6k

Balaam
... As the valleys are they spread forth, as gardens by the river's side, as the trees
of lign aloes which the Lord hath planted, and as cedar trees beside the ...
/.../kingsley/the gospel of the pentateuch/sermon xiv balaam.htm

Dr. Beardsley's Address.
... As the valleys are they spread forth, as gardens by the river's side, as the trees
of lign-aloes which the Lord hath planted." It is becoming also on this ...
/.../the sermons and addresses at the seabury centenary/dr beardsleys address.htm

The Witness of Balaam to Israel
... As valleys are they spread forth, As gardens by the river side, As lign-aloes
which the LORD hath planted, As cedar trees beside the waters. ...
/.../various/select masterpieces of biblical literature/ii the witness of balaam.htm

The Infallibility of God's Purpose
... of Moab. As the trees of lign aloes which the Lord had planted, and as
cedar trees beside the waters, were their tents. Quietly ...
/.../spurgeon/spurgeons sermons volume 7 1861/the infallibility of gods purpose.htm

What was the significance of anointing spices in the Bible? | GotQuestions.org

Aloes: Dictionary and Thesaurus | Clyx.com

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