In the biblical narrative, names hold profound significance, often reflecting the faith, identity, and destiny of individuals. Throughout Scripture, names are not merely labels but encapsulate divine purposes, personal characteristics, and transformative encounters with God. This entry explores the theological and cultural dimensions of names in the Bible, highlighting key examples that illustrate their importance.

Old Testament Examples

1. Abram to Abraham: In Genesis 17:5, God changes Abram's name to Abraham, meaning "father of many nations." This name change signifies the covenant promise that Abraham would be the progenitor of a multitude of nations, reflecting his pivotal role in God's redemptive plan.

2. Sarai to Sarah: Similarly, in Genesis 17:15, Sarai's name is changed to Sarah, meaning "princess." This change underscores her role as the mother of nations and the fulfillment of God's promise to Abraham.

3. Jacob to Israel: In Genesis 32:28, after wrestling with God, Jacob is renamed Israel, meaning "he struggles with God." This name reflects his spiritual transformation and the birth of a nation that would strive with God and men.

4. Moses: The name Moses, meaning "drawn out," is given by Pharaoh's daughter in Exodus 2:10. It prophetically signifies Moses' future role in leading the Israelites out of Egypt, drawing them out of bondage.

5. Isaiah's Children: The prophet Isaiah names his children with prophetic significance. For example, Maher-Shalal-Hash-Baz (Isaiah 8:3) means "swift is the plunder, speedy is the prey," symbolizing impending judgment.

New Testament Examples

1. Jesus: The name Jesus, derived from the Hebrew Yeshua, means "The Lord is salvation." In Matthew 1:21, an angel instructs Joseph to name Mary's son Jesus, "because He will save His people from their sins," encapsulating His mission and identity as Savior.

2. Peter: In John 1:42, Jesus renames Simon as Peter (Cephas), meaning "rock." This name signifies Peter's foundational role in the early Church and his confession of faith in Christ.

3. Paul: Originally named Saul, the apostle adopts the name Paul, meaning "small" or "humble," reflecting his transformation and mission to the Gentiles. This change is noted in Acts 13:9 and signifies his new identity in Christ.

Theological Significance

Names in the Bible often reveal God's sovereignty and intimate involvement in the lives of His people. They serve as reminders of His promises, character, and the identity He bestows upon His followers. For instance, the name Immanuel, meaning "God with us" (Isaiah 7:14), encapsulates the incarnation and God's presence among His people.

Cultural Context

In ancient Near Eastern cultures, names were imbued with meaning and power. They could denote lineage, divine favor, or personal attributes. The biblical use of names reflects this cultural understanding, while also emphasizing the unique relationship between God and His people.

Symbolic and Prophetic Names

Throughout Scripture, names are used symbolically and prophetically. Hosea's children, for example, are given names that symbolize Israel's unfaithfulness and God's impending judgment (Hosea 1:4-9). These names serve as living messages to the people of Israel, calling them to repentance and faithfulness.

In conclusion, names in the Bible are more than mere identifiers; they are deeply woven into the fabric of God's redemptive history. They reflect faith, identity, and the transformative power of encountering the divine. Through these names, believers are reminded of their own identity in Christ and the promises of God that shape their lives.