Definition and Nature
Miracles and signs in the Bible are extraordinary events that manifest divine intervention in human affairs. They serve as a testament to God's power and authority, often confirming the message and mission of His chosen servants. The terms "miracles" and "signs" are frequently used interchangeably in Scripture, though "signs" often emphasize the purpose of the miracle as a divine indicator or message.

Old Testament Context
In the Old Testament, miracles and signs are prevalent, demonstrating God's sovereignty and covenantal faithfulness. The plagues of Egypt (Exodus 7-12) are classic examples, where God used miraculous signs to compel Pharaoh to release the Israelites. The parting of the Red Sea (Exodus 14:21-22) and the provision of manna (Exodus 16:4-15) further illustrate God's miraculous provision and guidance.

Prophets like Elijah and Elisha performed miracles to authenticate their divine commission. Elijah's confrontation with the prophets of Baal on Mount Carmel (1 Kings 18:20-39) and Elisha's healing of Naaman the leper (2 Kings 5:1-14) are notable examples. These acts served as signs of God's power and presence among His people.

New Testament Context
In the New Testament, miracles and signs are central to the ministry of Jesus Christ and the apostles. Jesus' miracles, such as turning water into wine (John 2:1-11), feeding the 5,000 (Matthew 14:13-21), and raising Lazarus from the dead (John 11:1-44), reveal His divine nature and authority. These acts are described as "signs" that point to Jesus as the Messiah and the Son of God.

The Gospel of John particularly emphasizes the purpose of these signs: "Jesus performed many other signs in the presence of His disciples, which are not written in this book. But these are written so that you may believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, and that by believing you may have life in His name" (John 20:30-31).

The apostles continued to perform miracles as a testament to the truth of the Gospel. The healing of the lame man by Peter and John (Acts 3:1-10) and the many signs and wonders performed by Paul (Acts 19:11-12) served to confirm their apostolic authority and the message of salvation through Christ.

Purpose and Function
Miracles and signs serve several purposes in the biblical narrative. They authenticate the messenger and the message, demonstrating that the power and authority come from God. They also reveal God's character, showcasing His compassion, holiness, and justice. Furthermore, they serve as a call to faith and repentance, inviting observers to recognize God's sovereignty and respond in belief.

Skepticism and Faith
While miracles and signs are divine acts, they often encounter skepticism. In the Gospels, the Pharisees and other religious leaders frequently questioned Jesus' miracles, attributing them to demonic power (Matthew 12:24). Jesus rebuked such unbelief, emphasizing that signs are given to lead people to faith, not to satisfy curiosity or skepticism (Matthew 12:39).

Eschatological Significance
In eschatological contexts, miracles and signs are associated with the end times. Jesus warned of false prophets who would perform great signs and wonders to deceive, if possible, even the elect (Matthew 24:24). The Book of Revelation describes miraculous events that accompany the final judgment and the establishment of God's kingdom (Revelation 13:13-14).

Conclusion
Miracles and signs are integral to the biblical narrative, serving as powerful demonstrations of God's intervention in the world. They authenticate His messengers, reveal His character, and call humanity to faith and repentance. Throughout Scripture, they underscore the reality of God's active presence and His ultimate authority over creation.