In the Old Testament, God's provision for the priests is a significant aspect of the covenantal relationship between God and the nation of Israel. The priests, primarily from the tribe of Levi and specifically the descendants of Aaron, were set apart for sacred duties in the Tabernacle and later the Temple. Their role was to mediate between God and the people, offering sacrifices, teaching the Law, and maintaining the sanctity of worship.

Levitical Support and Inheritance

The tribe of Levi was unique among the tribes of Israel in that they were not allotted a specific territory as an inheritance. Instead, God Himself was their inheritance. Numbers 18:20 states, "The LORD said to Aaron, 'You will have no inheritance in their land, nor will you have any portion among them; I am your portion and your inheritance among the Israelites.'" This divine provision underscored the special relationship between the Levites and God, emphasizing their dependence on Him for sustenance.

Tithes and Offerings

To support the priests and Levites, God instituted a system of tithes and offerings. The Israelites were commanded to give a tenth of their produce and livestock to the Levites. Numbers 18:21 declares, "Behold, I have given the Levites all the tithes in Israel as an inheritance in return for the work they do while serving at the Tent of Meeting." This tithe was a practical means of ensuring that those who served in the sanctuary were provided for, allowing them to focus on their spiritual duties without the distraction of secular labor.

Portions of Sacrifices

In addition to tithes, the priests received portions of certain sacrifices. Leviticus 7:31-34 outlines that the breast and right thigh of the peace offerings were given to the priests. Furthermore, the priests were entitled to the meat of sin and guilt offerings, as specified in Leviticus 6:26 : "The priest who offers it shall eat it; it must be eaten in a holy place, in the courtyard of the Tent of Meeting." These provisions ensured that the priests had food and sustenance, reinforcing their reliance on the sacrificial system established by God.

Firstfruits and Other Contributions

The Israelites were also instructed to bring the firstfruits of their harvests and other contributions to the priests. Deuteronomy 18:3-5 states, "This shall be the priests' share from the people, from those who offer sacrifices, whether an ox or a sheep: They are to give the priest the shoulder, the jowls, and the stomach. You are to give him the firstfruits of your grain, new wine, and oil, and the first wool sheared from your flock. For the LORD your God has chosen him and his descendants out of all your tribes to stand and minister in His name forever." These offerings were a tangible expression of the people's gratitude and acknowledgment of the priests' role in their spiritual lives.

Cities of Refuge and Levitical Cities

In addition to these provisions, the Levites were given 48 cities throughout Israel, including the six cities of refuge (Numbers 35:6-7). These cities provided the Levites with places to live and serve, integrating them into the broader community while maintaining their distinct role as spiritual leaders.

New Testament Perspective

While the New Testament does not prescribe a specific system of provision for church leaders akin to the Levitical system, it upholds the principle of supporting those who minister spiritually. In 1 Corinthians 9:13-14 , Paul writes, "Do you not know that those who serve in the temple eat of its food, and those who attend to the altar share in the offerings? In the same way, the Lord has prescribed that those who preach the gospel should receive their living from the gospel." This continuity reflects the enduring principle of God's provision for those dedicated to His service.