Forgiveness is a central tenet of Christian doctrine, deeply rooted in the teachings of Jesus Christ and the broader biblical narrative. It is not merely an option for believers but a divine command that reflects the character of God and the transformative power of the Gospel.

Biblical Foundation

The command to forgive is explicitly stated in the New Testament. In the Gospel of Matthew, Jesus instructs His followers on the necessity of forgiveness: "For if you forgive men their trespasses, your Heavenly Father will also forgive you. But if you do not forgive men their trespasses, neither will your Father forgive yours" (Matthew 6:14-15). This passage underscores the reciprocal nature of forgiveness and its critical role in the believer's relationship with God.

In the parable of the unforgiving servant (Matthew 18:21-35), Jesus illustrates the kingdom principle that forgiveness should be extended without limit. When Peter asks how many times he should forgive a brother who sins against him, Jesus responds, "I tell you, not just seven times, but seventy-seven times" (Matthew 18:22). This hyperbolic statement emphasizes the boundless nature of forgiveness expected from Christ's followers.

The Example of Christ

Jesus Christ Himself exemplifies the ultimate act of forgiveness. On the cross, He prays for those who crucified Him, saying, "Father, forgive them, for they do not know what they are doing" (Luke 23:34). This profound act of mercy serves as the model for Christian forgiveness, demonstrating that forgiveness is an act of grace, not contingent upon the offender's actions or repentance.

Apostolic Teachings

The apostles continue this teaching in their epistles, reinforcing forgiveness as a command for the Christian community. Paul writes to the Ephesians, "Be kind and tenderhearted to one another, forgiving each other just as in Christ God forgave you" (Ephesians 4:32). Similarly, in Colossians, believers are urged to "bear with one another and forgive any complaint you may have against someone else. Forgive as the Lord forgave you" (Colossians 3:13). These passages highlight the theological basis for forgiveness: the believer's own experience of divine forgiveness through Christ.

Forgiveness and Reconciliation

While forgiveness is commanded, it is also a pathway to reconciliation and peace within the body of Christ. Jesus teaches that reconciliation should be sought actively, as seen in Matthew 5:23-24: "Therefore if you are offering your gift at the altar and there remember that your brother has something against you, leave your gift there before the altar. First go and be reconciled to your brother; then come and offer your gift" . This instruction places a priority on mending relationships, indicating that forgiveness is integral to worship and community life.

The Role of the Holy Spirit

Forgiveness, as a divine command, is empowered by the Holy Spirit. The natural human inclination may resist forgiving those who have caused harm, but the indwelling Spirit enables believers to extend grace and mercy. Galatians 5:22-23 lists the fruit of the Spirit, which includes love, patience, and kindness—qualities that facilitate forgiveness.

Forgiveness and Spiritual Health

Forgiveness is not only a command but also essential for spiritual health and freedom. Unforgiveness can lead to bitterness and hinder one's relationship with God. Hebrews 12:15 warns, "See to it that no one falls short of the grace of God, and that no root of bitterness springs up to cause trouble and defile many" . By forgiving others, believers align themselves with God's will and experience the fullness of His grace.

In summary, forgiveness as a command is woven throughout Scripture, reflecting God's nature and His desire for His people to live in harmony and love. It is a divine mandate that requires reliance on God's strength and a commitment to follow Christ's example.