Fasting, within the biblical context, is often portrayed as a profound expression of sincerity and earnestness in one's spiritual life. It is a voluntary abstention from food, and sometimes drink, for a specified period, undertaken as a means of humbling oneself before God, seeking His guidance, or expressing repentance and devotion.

Old Testament Context

In the Old Testament, fasting is frequently associated with acts of repentance and seeking God's favor. One of the earliest mentions of fasting is found in the book of Judges, where the Israelites fasted and sought the Lord's guidance after suffering defeat (Judges 20:26). This act of fasting was a demonstration of their sincerity in seeking divine intervention.

The prophet Joel calls for a sacred fast as a sign of genuine repentance: "Even now," declares the LORD, "return to Me with all your heart, with fasting, weeping, and mourning" (Joel 2:12). Here, fasting is coupled with heartfelt repentance, indicating that the physical act of fasting is meant to reflect an inner sincerity and commitment to turning back to God.

New Testament Context

In the New Testament, fasting continues to be a significant practice, often linked with prayer and spiritual discipline. Jesus Himself fasted for forty days and nights in the wilderness, demonstrating His reliance on God and preparation for His ministry (Matthew 4:2). This period of fasting was a testament to His sincerity and dedication to fulfilling His divine mission.

Jesus also taught about the proper attitude towards fasting, emphasizing sincerity over outward show. In the Sermon on the Mount, He instructed, "When you fast, do not be somber like the hypocrites, for they disfigure their faces to show men they are fasting. Truly I tell you, they already have their reward" (Matthew 6:16). Instead, Jesus encouraged His followers to fast in secret, ensuring that their motives were pure and directed towards God alone.

Fasting in the Early Church

The early church continued the practice of fasting as a sign of sincerity and devotion. In the book of Acts, the church at Antioch fasted and prayed before sending out Paul and Barnabas on their missionary journey (Acts 13:2-3). This communal fast was an expression of their earnest desire for God's guidance and blessing on their mission.

Fasting was also a part of the process of appointing elders in the early church, as seen in Acts 14:23: "And when they had appointed elders for them in every church, with prayer and fasting, they committed them to the Lord in whom they had believed" . This practice underscored the seriousness and sincerity with which the early Christians approached their responsibilities and decisions.

Theological Significance

Theologically, fasting is seen as a means of drawing closer to God, demonstrating humility, and expressing a sincere heart. It is not merely a ritualistic practice but a heartfelt expression of one's dependence on God and a desire to align with His will. Fasting, when done with the right motives, serves as a powerful sign of sincerity, reflecting a deep commitment to spiritual growth and transformation.

Throughout Scripture, fasting is consistently portrayed as an act that goes beyond the physical realm, touching the very core of one's spiritual life. It is a practice that, when undertaken with genuine sincerity, can lead to profound spiritual renewal and a deeper relationship with God.