Ewes

Ewes, the female sheep, hold a significant place in biblical narratives and symbolism. In the agrarian society of ancient Israel, sheep were vital for their wool, milk, and meat, and ewes were essential for reproduction and the growth of flocks. The Bible often uses sheep, including ewes, to symbolize God's people and their relationship with Him.

In the Old Testament, ewes are mentioned in various contexts, often highlighting their value and the care they require. For instance, in Genesis 21:28-30, Abraham sets apart seven ewe lambs as a witness to a covenant with Abimelech, illustrating the importance of ewes in agreements and their role in the economy. The sacrificial system also included offerings of sheep, where ewes could be part of the flock presented to God, as seen in Leviticus 22:28, which prohibits sacrificing an animal and its young on the same day, reflecting a concern for the welfare of ewes and their offspring.

The imagery of ewes is further enriched in the prophetic literature. In Isaiah 53:7, the suffering servant is likened to a lamb led to the slaughter, evoking the innocence and submission of sheep. This passage is often interpreted as a messianic prophecy, pointing to Jesus Christ as the sacrificial Lamb of God.

In the New Testament, the metaphor of sheep continues, with Jesus referring to Himself as the Good Shepherd in John 10:11, emphasizing His care and sacrificial love for His flock. The parable of the lost sheep in Luke 15:4-7 underscores the value of each individual in God's eyes, akin to a shepherd's concern for every ewe in his care.

Cows

Cows, or cattle, are another significant animal in biblical texts, representing wealth, sustenance, and agricultural prosperity. In the ancient Near East, cows were prized for their milk, meat, and as beasts of burden. They also played a role in religious rituals and offerings.

The Old Testament frequently mentions cows in the context of wealth and blessing. In Genesis 41, Pharaoh's dream of seven fat cows and seven lean cows, interpreted by Joseph, symbolizes years of plenty followed by famine, highlighting the cow's role as a symbol of abundance and scarcity. In Deuteronomy 7:13, God's blessing upon Israel is described in terms of increased livestock, including cows, indicating prosperity and divine favor.

Cows also appear in the sacrificial system. Leviticus 1:3-5 describes the offering of a bull, a male cow, as a burnt offering, signifying atonement and dedication to God. The red heifer, a specific type of cow, is detailed in Numbers 19:2-10 as part of a purification ritual, underscoring the cow's role in ceremonial cleanliness and holiness.

In the New Testament, while cows are not as prominently featured, the imagery of cattle continues to convey themes of provision and sacrifice. In the parable of the prodigal son (Luke 15:23), the father orders the slaughter of the fattened calf to celebrate the return of his son, symbolizing forgiveness, restoration, and the joy of reconciliation.

Throughout the Bible, ewes and cows serve as powerful symbols of God's provision, the value of life, and the importance of stewardship. They reflect the agrarian context of the biblical world and provide rich metaphors for understanding spiritual truths.