Bath

The term "bath" in the Bible refers to an ancient Hebrew unit of liquid measurement. It is mentioned in various contexts, primarily in the Old Testament, and is equivalent to approximately 22 liters or about 5.8 gallons. The bath was used to measure quantities of oil, wine, and other liquids, playing a significant role in both daily life and religious practices.

The bath is first mentioned in the context of Solomon's temple, where it was used to measure the quantities of oil and wine for offerings. In 1 Kings 7:26, the "Sea," a large basin in the temple, is described as holding two thousand baths. This illustrates the bath's importance in the temple's operations and its role in the sacrificial system.

In Ezekiel 45:10-14, the bath is mentioned as part of a series of measurements that emphasize fairness and justice in trade. The prophet Ezekiel calls for honest weights and measures, including the bath, to ensure that the people of Israel conduct their business with integrity. This reflects the broader biblical principle of honesty and fairness in all dealings.

The bath is also referenced in the context of commerce and trade. In Isaiah 5:10, the prophet laments the consequences of disobedience to God, stating, "For ten acres of vineyard shall yield but a bath of wine, and a homer of seed shall yield but an ephah." This passage highlights the bath as a measure of scarcity and judgment, underscoring the importance of faithfulness to God's commandments.

Homer

The "homer" is another ancient Hebrew unit of measurement, primarily used for dry goods such as grain. It is equivalent to about 220 liters or roughly 6 bushels. The homer is mentioned in several biblical passages, often in conjunction with other units of measurement like the ephah and the bath.

In Leviticus 27:16, the homer is used to determine the value of land dedicated to the Lord. The passage states, "If a man consecrates to the LORD part of his field, then your valuation shall be in proportion to the seed required for it: fifty shekels of silver for each homer of barley seed." This illustrates the homer's role in the economic and religious life of ancient Israel, as it was used to calculate offerings and dedications.

The homer is also mentioned in the context of divine judgment and restoration. In Hosea 3:2, the prophet Hosea describes purchasing his wife for "fifteen shekels of silver and a homer and a lethek of barley." This transaction symbolizes God's redemptive love for Israel, despite their unfaithfulness. The use of the homer in this context underscores the tangible nature of God's covenant relationship with His people.

In Ezekiel 45:13-14, the homer is part of a system of weights and measures that the prophet envisions for a restored Israel. The passage specifies that offerings should be measured in terms of the homer, ensuring that the people give appropriately to the Lord. This reflects the biblical emphasis on proper worship and the importance of giving back to God from the abundance He provides.

Overall, both the bath and the homer serve as reminders of the biblical principles of fairness, integrity, and devotion to God. They highlight the importance of accurate measurements in both religious and economic contexts, reflecting the broader biblical theme of justice and righteousness in all aspects of life.