The Tribe of Manasseh, one of the twelve tribes of Israel, was named after Manasseh, the firstborn son of Joseph and Asenath, the daughter of Potiphera, priest of On (Genesis 41:50-51). As a significant tribe, Manasseh played a crucial role in the history and settlement of the Israelites in the Promised Land. The allotment for the Tribe of Manasseh is detailed primarily in the Book of Joshua, with additional references in the Pentateuch and historical books.

Territorial Boundaries

The inheritance of the Tribe of Manasseh was unique in that it was divided into two distinct regions: one on the east side of the Jordan River and the other on the west. This division is rooted in the tribe's size and the request made by the descendants of Joseph for a larger portion of land due to their numbers and strength (Joshua 17:14-18).

1. East of the Jordan: The eastern portion of Manasseh's inheritance was part of the land conquered by Moses before the Israelites crossed the Jordan River. This area included the region of Bashan and Gilead, which was given to the half-tribe of Manasseh along with the tribes of Reuben and Gad (Numbers 32:33, Deuteronomy 3:13). The land was known for its fertile pastures and was suitable for livestock, which was a significant aspect of the tribe's economy.

2. West of the Jordan: The western portion of Manasseh's inheritance was located in the central part of Canaan, stretching from the Jordan River to the Mediterranean Sea. This area included significant cities such as Shechem, Taanach, and Megiddo (Joshua 17:7-11). The western allotment was characterized by its varied topography, including fertile valleys and strategic hill country.

Challenges and Conquests

The Tribe of Manasseh faced several challenges in fully possessing their allotted territories. The Canaanites, who inhabited the land, were formidable adversaries. Despite the divine mandate to drive out the inhabitants, the Israelites struggled to completely expel them. Joshua 17:12-13 notes, "But the descendants of Manasseh were unable to occupy these cities, because the Canaanites were determined to stay in this land. However, when the Israelites grew stronger, they subjected the Canaanites to forced labor but did not drive them out completely."

Notable Figures and Events

· Machir: The descendants of Machir, the firstborn of Manasseh, were instrumental in the conquest of Gilead and Bashan. Machir's lineage was known for their valor and military prowess (Numbers 32:39-40).

· Zelophehad's Daughters: A significant legal and social precedent was set by the daughters of Zelophehad, a member of the Tribe of Manasseh. As Zelophehad had no sons, his daughters petitioned Moses for the right to inherit their father's portion. Their request was granted, establishing a legal framework for inheritance rights for women in Israel (Numbers 27:1-11, Joshua 17:3-6).

· Gideon: One of the most notable judges of Israel, Gideon, hailed from the Tribe of Manasseh. His leadership and faith were pivotal in delivering Israel from the oppression of the Midianites (Judges 6-8).

Spiritual and Historical Significance

The allotment for the Tribe of Manasseh reflects the broader themes of faith, obedience, and divine providence that permeate the narrative of the Israelites' settlement in the Promised Land. The division of Manasseh's inheritance across both sides of the Jordan River symbolizes the unity and diversity within the nation of Israel. Despite the challenges faced, the tribe's account is a testament to God's faithfulness in fulfilling His promises to the descendants of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.