Definition and Scope:
Administration and governance in the biblical context refer to the organization, management, and leadership structures established to maintain order, justice, and the execution of God's will among His people. These concepts are evident throughout the Bible, from the patriarchal systems in Genesis to the establishment of kingship in Israel, and the governance of the early church in the New Testament.

Old Testament Context:
In the Old Testament, governance begins with the patriarchs, such as Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, who led their families and clans. As the nation of Israel formed, Moses became a central figure in administration, acting as a mediator between God and the people. Exodus 18:21-22 describes the advice given to Moses by Jethro, his father-in-law, to appoint capable men as leaders over thousands, hundreds, fifties, and tens to judge the people at all times, thus establishing a system of delegated authority.

The period of the Judges represents a decentralized form of governance, where leaders were raised by God to deliver Israel from oppression. This era is characterized by the cyclical pattern of sin, oppression, repentance, and deliverance, highlighting the need for righteous leadership.

The establishment of the monarchy under Saul, David, and Solomon marked a significant shift in governance. 1 Samuel 8:5-7 records the people's request for a king to judge them like other nations, which God permitted, though it was seen as a rejection of His direct rule. The monarchy centralized authority and introduced a more structured administration, with David and Solomon expanding the kingdom and organizing it into districts with appointed officials (1 Kings 4:7).

Prophetic Insights:
The prophets often addressed issues of governance, calling out corruption and injustice among leaders. Isaiah 1:23 condemns rulers who are rebellious and companions of thieves, emphasizing the need for leaders to uphold justice and righteousness. The prophetic vision of governance is one where leaders act as shepherds, caring for and guiding the people according to God's laws.

New Testament Context:
In the New Testament, governance takes on a new dimension with the establishment of the church. Jesus Christ is portrayed as the ultimate authority, the King of Kings, whose kingdom is not of this world (John 18:36). The early church developed its own form of governance, with apostles, elders, and deacons serving in various roles to maintain order and address the needs of the community.

Acts 6:3-4 describes the appointment of seven men to oversee the daily distribution of food, allowing the apostles to focus on prayer and the ministry of the word. This reflects a continued emphasis on delegation and the distribution of responsibilities within the body of Christ.

Paul's epistles provide further guidance on church governance, emphasizing qualifications for leaders, such as being above reproach, self-controlled, and able to teach (1 Timothy 3:1-7). The governance of the church is characterized by servant leadership, mutual submission, and the exercise of spiritual gifts for the edification of the body (Ephesians 4:11-12).

Theological Implications:
Biblical administration and governance underscore the importance of leadership that aligns with God's character and purposes. Leaders are called to be stewards of God's authority, exercising it with humility, justice, and a heart for service. The ultimate model of governance is found in Christ, who exemplifies perfect leadership through His sacrificial love and obedience to the Father.

Conclusion:
The Bible presents a comprehensive view of administration and governance, highlighting the need for righteous leadership and the establishment of systems that reflect God's justice and order. From the patriarchs to the early church, the principles of governance remain rooted in the character of God and His desire for His people to live in harmony and righteousness under His sovereign rule.