Romans 3:28

For we maintain that a man is justified by faith apart from works of the law.

Study Bible

For we maintain
This phrase introduces a conclusion drawn from the preceding arguments. The Greek word "λογιζόμεθα" (logizometha) implies a reasoned conclusion or a firm conviction. Paul is asserting a foundational truth of the Christian faith, emphasizing the certainty and importance of the doctrine he is about to state. Historically, this reflects the early church's struggle to define the role of the Mosaic Law in the life of believers, especially Gentile converts.

that a man
The term "man" here, translated from the Greek "ἄνθρωπος" (anthropos), is inclusive of all humanity, not limited by gender or ethnicity. This universality underscores the broad application of the gospel message, affirming that the path to justification is the same for every person, Jew or Gentile, male or female.

is justified
The Greek word "δικαιοῦται" (dikaioutai) is a legal term meaning to be declared righteous. In the context of Paul's letter, it signifies a divine act where God declares a sinner to be righteous on the basis of faith. This justification is not based on human merit but is a gift of grace, reflecting the core of the gospel message.

by faith
"πίστει" (pistei) in Greek, denotes trust or belief. In the context of Romans, faith is the means by which individuals receive God's righteousness. It is not mere intellectual assent but a deep-seated trust in the person and work of Jesus Christ. This faith is contrasted with reliance on the law, highlighting the transformative power of belief in Christ.

apart from
The phrase "χωρὶς" (choris) indicates separation or independence. Paul is making a clear distinction between faith and the works of the law. This separation is crucial in understanding that justification is not a synergistic process involving human effort but is entirely the work of God received through faith.

works of the law
"ἔργων νόμου" (ergon nomou) refers to the deeds prescribed by the Mosaic Law. In the historical context, this phrase addresses the Jewish understanding of righteousness, which was often associated with adherence to the law. Paul argues that these works, while good, are insufficient for justification. This teaching was revolutionary, especially for Jewish Christians who valued the law as central to their identity and relationship with God.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Paul the Apostle
The author of the Book of Romans, Paul was a key figure in the early Christian church, known for his missionary journeys and theological teachings. He wrote Romans to the believers in Rome to explain the core tenets of the Christian faith.

2. The Roman Church
The recipients of the letter, the Roman church was a diverse group of Jewish and Gentile believers. Paul addresses both groups to unify them under the gospel of Jesus Christ.

3. Justification
A central theme in Romans, justification refers to being declared righteous before God. Paul emphasizes that this is achieved through faith, not by adhering to the law.

4. The Law
Referring to the Mosaic Law given to the Israelites, which includes moral, ceremonial, and civil laws. Paul argues that adherence to the law cannot justify a person before God.

5. Faith
In the context of this verse, faith is the means by which believers are justified. It is trust and belief in Jesus Christ and His redemptive work.

Teaching Points

Justification by Faith Alone
Emphasize that our right standing before God is solely based on faith in Jesus Christ, not on our ability to follow the law or perform good deeds.

The Role of the Law
Understand that the law serves to reveal sin and our need for a Savior, but it is not the means of salvation.

Unity in the Gospel
Recognize that both Jews and Gentiles are justified by faith, promoting unity among believers regardless of their background.

Living Out Faith
Encourage believers to live out their faith through actions, not as a means to earn salvation, but as a response to the grace they have received.

Assurance of Salvation
Rest in the assurance that faith in Christ is sufficient for salvation, providing peace and confidence in one's relationship with God.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does understanding justification by faith alone impact your daily walk with God?

2. In what ways can you ensure that your faith is active and not merely intellectual assent?

3. How can the principle of justification by faith promote unity within your local church community?

4. Reflect on a time when you relied on your own works for justification. How did that affect your relationship with God?

5. How can you use the truth of Romans 3:28 to share the gospel with someone who believes that good works are necessary for salvation?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Galatians 2:16
Paul reiterates that a person is not justified by works of the law but through faith in Jesus Christ, emphasizing the same principle found in Romans 3:28.

Ephesians 2:8-9
These verses highlight that salvation is by grace through faith, not by works, so that no one can boast, aligning with the message of Romans 3:28.

James 2:24
While James emphasizes that faith without works is dead, it complements Paul's teaching by showing that genuine faith results in good works, not that works justify.