Numbers 35:24

then the congregation must judge between the slayer and the avenger of blood according to these ordinances.

Study Bible

then the congregation
The term "congregation" in this context refers to the assembly of Israel, often represented by the elders or leaders of the community. In Hebrew, the word used is "עֵדָה" (edah), which signifies a gathering or assembly. This reflects the communal nature of justice in ancient Israel, where the community played a crucial role in maintaining order and righteousness. The involvement of the congregation underscores the importance of collective responsibility and discernment in upholding God's laws.

must judge
The Hebrew root for "judge" is "שָׁפַט" (shaphat), which means to govern, to pass judgment, or to render a decision. This word emphasizes the role of the congregation as not merely passive observers but active participants in the administration of justice. It highlights the biblical principle that justice is a divine mandate, requiring wisdom and fairness, reflecting God's own just nature.

between the slayer
The "slayer" refers to the individual who has caused the death of another, whether intentionally or unintentionally. The Hebrew word "מַכֶּה" (makeh) is used here, which can mean one who strikes or kills. This term is crucial in distinguishing between different types of homicide, as the context of Numbers 35 deals with cities of refuge and the differentiation between murder and manslaughter. It underscores the need for careful examination of circumstances and intent.

and the avenger of blood
The "avenger of blood" is translated from the Hebrew "גֹּאֵל הַדָּם" (go'el ha-dam), referring to a family member responsible for avenging the death of a relative. This concept is rooted in the ancient Near Eastern practice of blood vengeance, where family honor and justice were closely linked. However, the biblical text seeks to regulate this practice, ensuring that vengeance does not lead to further injustice or bloodshed, but rather is subject to divine law and order.

according to these ordinances
The phrase "according to these ordinances" points to the specific laws and guidelines given by God to Moses regarding the handling of cases of manslaughter and murder. The Hebrew word "מִשְׁפָּט" (mishpat) is used, meaning judgment, ordinance, or law. This underscores the importance of adhering to God's revealed will as the standard for justice. It reflects the biblical worldview that true justice is rooted in divine revelation and must be applied consistently and faithfully by the community.

Persons / Places / Events

1. The Slayer
This refers to the individual who has unintentionally killed another person. In the context of Numbers 35, this person seeks refuge in a city of refuge to avoid being killed by the avenger of blood.

2. The Avenger of Blood
Known in Hebrew as the "go'el," this person is typically a close relative of the deceased who seeks justice or vengeance for the killing.

3. The Community
This refers to the assembly or congregation of Israel, which is responsible for judging the case between the slayer and the avenger of blood.

4. Cities of Refuge
These were designated places where someone who had killed another unintentionally could flee for safety until a fair trial could be conducted.

5. Ordinances
These are the laws and regulations given by God to Moses for the Israelites, which include the procedures for handling cases of manslaughter.

Teaching Points

Justice and Mercy
The passage highlights the balance between justice and mercy. While justice demands accountability, mercy provides a means for protection and fair trial. Christians are called to uphold both in their lives.

Community Responsibility
The community plays a crucial role in ensuring justice is served. This teaches us the importance of communal involvement and accountability in addressing wrongs and seeking truth.

God's Provision for Safety
The cities of refuge symbolize God's provision for safety and protection. In Christ, we find our ultimate refuge and protection from the consequences of sin.

The Role of Intent
The distinction between intentional murder and unintentional manslaughter underscores the importance of understanding intent. In our interactions, we should seek to understand the intentions behind actions before passing judgment.

Reconciliation and Forgiveness
The process outlined in Numbers 35 encourages reconciliation and forgiveness, pointing to the greater reconciliation we have through Christ.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the concept of cities of refuge reflect God's character in terms of justice and mercy?

2. In what ways can the church today act as a "community" that helps mediate and resolve conflicts among believers?

3. How does understanding the role of the avenger of blood help us appreciate the need for forgiveness and reconciliation in our own lives?

4. What parallels can we draw between the cities of refuge and the refuge we find in Christ?

5. How can we apply the principles of intent and understanding in our daily interactions to avoid misjudgment and promote peace?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Deuteronomy 19
This chapter also discusses the cities of refuge and provides additional details on the laws concerning manslaughter and the role of the avenger of blood.

Joshua 20
This passage describes the actual establishment of the cities of refuge once the Israelites entered the Promised Land.

Matthew 5:21-26
Jesus expands on the concept of murder and reconciliation, emphasizing the importance of resolving anger and disputes before they escalate.

Hebrews 6:18
This verse uses the imagery of refuge to describe the hope we have in Christ, drawing a parallel to the cities of refuge as a place of safety.