Numbers 31:17

So now, kill all the boys, as well as every woman who has had relations with a man,

Study Bible

So now
This phrase indicates a direct and immediate command. In the Hebrew text, the word "now" (עַתָּה, 'attah) often signifies a transition to action, emphasizing urgency and decisiveness. The context here is a continuation of divine instructions given to Moses, reflecting the seriousness and immediacy of the command. It underscores the importance of obedience to God's directives in the historical narrative of Israel.

kill all the boys
The Hebrew word for "kill" (הָרַג, harag) is a strong term that denotes execution or putting to death. This command, while difficult to comprehend, must be understood within the context of ancient warfare and divine judgment. The boys, future warriors, represented a potential threat to Israel's survival and spiritual purity. Historically, this reflects the harsh realities of ancient Near Eastern conflicts, where complete destruction of the enemy was often seen as necessary to prevent future retaliation.

and kill every woman who has had relations with a man
The phrase "who has had relations with a man" (יָדַע, yada) is a Hebrew idiom for sexual intercourse. This command was aimed at eliminating those who had participated in the idolatrous practices of the Midianites, which had led Israel into sin (Numbers 25). The historical context reveals a time when Israel was called to be a holy nation, set apart from the surrounding peoples. The severity of this command reflects the gravity of idolatry and its consequences, emphasizing the need for purity and faithfulness to God.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Moses
The leader of the Israelites who conveyed God's commands to the people. In this context, he is delivering instructions regarding the Midianites.

2. Midianites
A nomadic tribe that had led Israel into sin through the counsel of Balaam, resulting in God's judgment upon them.

3. Israelites
The chosen people of God, who were commanded to execute judgment on the Midianites as a consequence of their idolatry and immorality.

4. Balaam
A prophet who, although initially unable to curse Israel, advised the Midianites on how to lead Israel into sin, which brought about divine retribution.

5. The Battle against Midian
A divinely sanctioned conflict where the Israelites were commanded to execute judgment on the Midianites for their role in leading Israel into sin.

Teaching Points

The Seriousness of Sin
God's command to execute judgment on the Midianites underscores the seriousness with which He views sin, particularly idolatry and immorality. Believers are called to recognize the destructive nature of sin and to avoid it at all costs.

Divine Justice and Mercy
While the command may seem harsh, it reflects God's justice in dealing with sin. It also points to His mercy in preserving a remnant and providing a way for redemption through Christ.

The Importance of Obedience
The Israelites were called to obey God's commands fully. This teaches believers the importance of obedience to God's Word, even when it is difficult or counter-cultural.

Guarding Against Idolatry
The passage serves as a warning to guard against influences that lead away from God. Believers must be vigilant in maintaining their devotion to God alone.

The Role of Leadership
Moses' role in conveying God's commands highlights the responsibility of leaders to guide their people in righteousness and to uphold God's standards.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the command in Numbers 31:17 reflect God's view of sin, and what implications does this have for our understanding of holiness today?

2. In what ways can we guard against the influences of idolatry and immorality in our own lives, as the Israelites were commanded to do?

3. How does the account of Balaam and the Midianites serve as a warning against false teachings and compromise in the church today?

4. What can we learn from Moses' leadership in this passage about the importance of obedience to God's commands?

5. How do the themes of divine justice and mercy in Numbers 31:17 point us to the redemptive work of Christ in the New Testament?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Deuteronomy 20:16-18
This passage provides context for the command to destroy certain peoples completely, emphasizing the need to prevent the spread of idolatry and sin among the Israelites.

1 Samuel 15:3
Similar instructions are given to Saul regarding the Amalekites, highlighting the theme of divine judgment against those who oppose God's people and lead them into sin.

Revelation 2:14
References Balaam's role in leading Israel into sin, showing the long-lasting impact of his actions and the need for vigilance against false teachings.