Numbers 31:18

but spare for yourselves every girl who has never had relations with a man.

Study Bible

But spare for yourselves
The phrase "but spare for yourselves" indicates a directive given to the Israelites regarding the treatment of captives. The Hebrew root for "spare" is "ḥāyâ," which means to let live or to preserve life. This command reflects a selective mercy, emphasizing the preservation of life under specific conditions. Historically, this was a common practice in ancient warfare, where victors would often take captives for servitude or integration into their society. From a theological perspective, this sparing can be seen as a foreshadowing of God's grace, where He chooses to preserve and redeem.

every girl
The term "every girl" refers specifically to young females among the captives. In the Hebrew text, the word used is "na'arah," which denotes a young woman or maiden. This specification highlights the cultural and societal norms of the time, where young women were often seen as valuable for their potential to contribute to the community, particularly through marriage and childbearing. In a broader scriptural context, this can be seen as a reflection of the value placed on purity and the potential for new beginnings.

who has never had relations with a man
This phrase is crucial in understanding the criteria for sparing the captives. The Hebrew term "yādaʿ" is used here, which means to know, often in a sexual context. This specification underscores the importance of sexual purity in the ancient Israelite culture, which was closely tied to religious and communal identity. Theologically, this can be interpreted as a call to maintain holiness and purity, which are recurring themes throughout the Bible. It also reflects the broader biblical narrative of God setting apart a people for Himself, who are to be distinct and pure in their conduct.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Moses
The leader of the Israelites, who received and conveyed God's commands regarding the Midianites.

2. Midianites
A nomadic tribe that opposed Israel and led them into idolatry and immorality.

3. Israelites
The chosen people of God, who were commanded to execute judgment on the Midianites.

4. Phinehas
The priest who played a significant role in the battle against the Midianites.

5. War against Midian
A divinely commanded conflict as a judgment against the Midianites for their role in leading Israel into sin.

Teaching Points

Understanding Divine Justice
The command in Numbers 31:18 reflects God's justice and holiness. It is crucial to understand the context of divine judgment in the Old Testament.

The Role of Obedience
The Israelites were called to obey God's commands, even when they were difficult. This teaches us the importance of obedience to God’s will.

The Consequences of Sin
The Midianites' actions led to severe consequences. This serves as a reminder of the seriousness of sin and its impact on individuals and communities.

God’s Sovereignty
God’s commands, even when challenging, are part of His sovereign plan. Trusting in His sovereignty is essential for believers.

Moral and Ethical Reflections
Reflect on the ethical implications of Old Testament warfare and how they relate to the broader account of Scripture and God’s redemptive plan.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the context of Numbers 31 help us understand the command given in verse 18?

2. In what ways does the account of the Midianites serve as a warning against idolatry and immorality?

3. How can we reconcile the Old Testament accounts of warfare with the New Testament teachings on love and forgiveness?

4. What does this passage teach us about the importance of obedience to God, even when His commands are difficult to understand?

5. How can we apply the lessons from Numbers 31:18 to our lives today, particularly in terms of trusting God’s justice and sovereignty?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Genesis 19
The destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah, which parallels the judgment on the Midianites as a divine response to sin.

Deuteronomy 20
Provides laws of warfare, including the treatment of captives, which offers context to the instructions given in Numbers 31.

1 Samuel 15
The command to Saul to destroy the Amalekites, highlighting the theme of divine judgment against nations that oppose God’s people.

Matthew 5:17-20
Jesus’ teaching on the fulfillment of the Law, which can be contrasted with Old Testament laws and judgments.

Romans 12:19
The New Testament teaching on leaving vengeance to God, offering a perspective on divine justice.