Numbers 30:13

Her husband may confirm or nullify any vow or any sworn pledge to deny herself.

Study Bible

Her husband
In the ancient Hebrew context, the husband held a position of authority within the family structure. This reflects the patriarchal society of ancient Israel, where the husband was seen as the head of the household. The Hebrew word for husband here is "אִישׁ" (ish), which can also mean "man" or "male," emphasizing the role of the husband as a leader and protector. This authority was not meant to be oppressive but rather a responsibility to guide and support his family in accordance with God's laws.

may confirm
The Hebrew word used here is "יָקִים" (yakim), which means to establish, uphold, or confirm. This implies that the husband has the authority to validate the vow, making it binding. In a spiritual sense, this reflects the importance of unity and agreement within the marriage covenant, as the husband and wife are seen as one flesh (Genesis 2:24). The act of confirming a vow signifies the husband's support and agreement with his wife's spiritual commitments.

or nullify
The Hebrew term "יָפֵר" (yafer) means to break, annul, or make void. This indicates the husband's authority to release his wife from a vow if he deems it unwise or harmful. This power to nullify is not arbitrary but should be exercised with discernment and love, reflecting the husband's role as a spiritual leader who seeks the well-being of his wife and family. It underscores the importance of communication and mutual respect in marriage.

any vow
A vow, or "נֶדֶר" (neder) in Hebrew, is a solemn promise or commitment made to God. Vows were taken very seriously in ancient Israel, as they were considered binding and sacred. This phrase highlights the gravity of making vows and the need for careful consideration before making such commitments. It also reflects the spiritual discipline of self-denial and dedication to God.

or any sworn pledge
The phrase "שְׁבוּעַת אִסָּר" (shevuat issar) refers to an oath or a binding promise. This emphasizes the seriousness of spoken commitments and the expectation of integrity and faithfulness in fulfilling one's word. In the biblical context, oaths were often made in the name of the Lord, adding a divine witness to the promise and increasing its solemnity.

to deny herself
The Hebrew phrase "לְעַנֹּת נַפְשָׁהּ" (le'anot nafshah) literally means "to afflict her soul." This suggests a vow involving self-denial or personal sacrifice, often for spiritual purposes such as fasting or dedicating oneself to prayer. It reflects the biblical principle of self-discipline and the willingness to set aside personal desires for a higher spiritual goal. This phrase underscores the depth of commitment involved in making vows to God.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Moses
The leader of the Israelites who received and communicated God's laws, including those concerning vows.

2. Israelites
The people to whom the laws were given, living in the wilderness during their journey to the Promised Land.

3. Husband
The male spouse who holds authority in the family structure, as described in this passage.

4. Wife
The female spouse who may make vows or pledges, subject to her husband's confirmation or nullification.

5. Vows and Pledges
Commitments made to God, which could involve personal sacrifice or dedication.

Teaching Points

Understanding Authority in Marriage
The passage highlights the husband's role in confirming or nullifying vows, reflecting a structure of authority within the family. This authority should be exercised with love and wisdom, aligning with biblical principles of headship.

The Importance of Vows
Vows are serious commitments made before God. This passage underscores the need for careful consideration and integrity when making promises, as they are not to be taken lightly.

Mutual Respect and Communication
While the husband has the authority to confirm or nullify vows, this should be done in a spirit of mutual respect and open communication, ensuring that both spouses are aligned in their commitments to God.

Spiritual Leadership
Husbands are called to be spiritual leaders in their homes, guiding their families in accordance with God's will. This includes making decisions about vows and spiritual commitments.

The Role of Women in Spiritual Commitments
Women are encouraged to make spiritual commitments and vows, but within the context of their marital relationship, highlighting the importance of unity and agreement in spiritual matters.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the concept of authority in marriage, as seen in Numbers 30:13, relate to the New Testament teachings on marriage roles?

2. In what ways can a husband exercise his authority over vows in a manner that reflects Christ's love for the church?

3. How can couples ensure that their spiritual commitments and vows are made in unity and mutual respect?

4. What are some practical ways to apply the principle of integrity in making and keeping vows in our daily lives?

5. How does understanding the seriousness of vows in the Old Testament enhance our appreciation for Jesus' teaching on oaths in the New Testament?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Genesis 3
The concept of headship and authority within the family structure can be traced back to the creation order and the fall.

Ephesians 5
The New Testament teaching on the roles of husbands and wives, emphasizing love and respect within the marriage relationship.

1 Corinthians 11
Discusses the order of authority and the interdependence of men and women in the Lord.

Deuteronomy 23
Provides additional laws regarding vows, emphasizing the importance of fulfilling one's word to God.

Matthew 5
Jesus' teaching on oaths, highlighting the importance of integrity and truthfulness in speech.