Numbers 18:16

You are to pay the redemption price for a month-old male according to your valuation: five shekels of silver, according to the sanctuary shekel, which is twenty gerahs.

Study Bible

When they are one month old
This phrase indicates the specific time at which the redemption of the firstborn is to occur. In the Hebrew culture, the first month of life was a critical period, and reaching one month signified a level of stability and survival. The Hebrew word for "month" is "chodesh," which also means "new moon," reflecting the lunar calendar used by the Israelites. This timing underscores the sanctity of life and the importance of acknowledging God's claim on the firstborn, as they were spared during the Passover in Egypt.

you are to redeem them
The concept of redemption here is rooted in the Hebrew word "padah," which means to ransom or rescue. This act of redemption is a symbolic gesture acknowledging that all life belongs to God. The firstborn sons of Israel were initially set apart for God, but through redemption, they were bought back, signifying God's mercy and the value He places on human life. This practice foreshadows the ultimate redemption through Christ, who paid the price for humanity's sins.

at the rate of five shekels of silver
The "five shekels of silver" represents the monetary value assigned for the redemption of a firstborn. The shekel was a standard unit of weight and currency in ancient Israel. The number five often symbolizes grace in biblical numerology, suggesting that this redemption price is a gracious provision from God. Silver, in biblical symbolism, often represents redemption and purification, pointing to the redemptive work of Christ.

according to the sanctuary shekel
The "sanctuary shekel" was a standard measure used in the tabernacle, ensuring consistency and fairness in transactions. The Hebrew word "shekel" comes from "shaqal," meaning to weigh. This standardization reflects God's order and justice, ensuring that the redemption process was equitable for all Israelites. It also highlights the centrality of the sanctuary in the life of Israel, as the place where God's presence dwelt and where His laws were administered.

which is twenty gerahs
A "gerah" was a smaller unit of weight, and twenty gerahs equaled one shekel. This precise measurement underscores the importance of accuracy and integrity in fulfilling God's commands. The use of specific weights and measures in the sanctuary system reflects God's nature as a God of order and precision. It also serves as a reminder of the meticulous care with which God governs His creation and His people.

Persons / Places / Events

1. The Israelites
The people of God to whom the laws and commandments were given, including the instructions for redemption.

2. The Levites
The tribe set apart for priestly duties, responsible for the spiritual leadership and service in the tabernacle.

3. The Tabernacle
The dwelling place of God among His people, where the Levites served and where offerings and redemptions were made.

4. Moses
The leader of the Israelites who received the law from God and communicated it to the people.

5. The Sanctuary Shekel
A unit of currency used in the tabernacle, specifically mentioned as the standard for redemption.

Teaching Points

Understanding Redemption
Redemption in the Old Testament was a physical and financial transaction, symbolizing spiritual truths. It points to the ultimate redemption through Christ.

Value and Worth
The specific mention of "five shekels of silver" underscores the value God places on life and the importance of following His commands precisely.

Obedience to God's Law
The Israelites were called to obey God's instructions, reflecting their commitment and relationship with Him. This obedience is a model for Christians today.

Symbolism of the Firstborn
The redemption of the firstborn symbolizes God's claim over all creation and foreshadows Christ as the firstborn over all creation, who redeems us.

Financial Stewardship
The requirement of a monetary redemption price teaches the importance of financial stewardship and prioritizing God's commands in our resources.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the concept of redemption in Numbers 18:16 relate to the broader theme of redemption throughout the Bible?

2. In what ways does the redemption price of five shekels of silver reflect the value God places on life and obedience?

3. How can the practice of redeeming the firstborn in the Old Testament enhance our understanding of Jesus' role as our Redeemer?

4. What lessons can we learn from the Israelites' obedience to God's specific instructions regarding redemption, and how can we apply these lessons in our daily lives?

5. How does the principle of financial stewardship, as seen in the redemption price, challenge us to prioritize God's commands in our own financial decisions?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Exodus 13:13
This verse discusses the redemption of the firstborn, establishing the principle that the firstborn belongs to God and must be redeemed.

Leviticus 27:6
Provides additional details on the valuation of persons for vows and dedications, which relates to the concept of redemption.

Luke 2:22-24
Describes the presentation of Jesus at the temple, where Mary and Joseph followed the law of redemption, highlighting the continuity of this practice into the New Testament.