Luke 20:28

"Teacher," they said, "Moses wrote for us that if a man's brother dies and leaves a wife but no children, the man is to marry his brother's widow and raise up offspring for him.

Study Bible

Teacher
The term "Teacher" is a translation of the Greek word "Didaskalos," which was a respectful title used for someone who was recognized as a master or instructor, particularly in religious or philosophical contexts. In the Gospels, Jesus is often addressed as "Teacher," acknowledging His authority and wisdom in spiritual matters. This title reflects the respect and recognition of Jesus' role as a spiritual leader and His deep understanding of the Scriptures.

Moses wrote for us
This phrase refers to the Mosaic Law, specifically the practice of levirate marriage, which is found in Deuteronomy 25:5-6. The phrase "Moses wrote for us" underscores the authority of the Torah, the first five books of the Bible, traditionally attributed to Moses. It highlights the Jewish people's reliance on the Law for guidance in their daily lives and religious practices. The use of "for us" indicates the communal aspect of the Law, meant to guide the entire nation of Israel.

if a man’s brother dies and leaves a wife but no children
This scenario sets the stage for the levirate marriage law. The situation described is one of familial duty and responsibility. In ancient Israel, family lineage and inheritance were of utmost importance. The death of a brother without children posed a threat to the continuation of the family line and the preservation of property within the family. This phrase reflects the cultural and historical context of the time, where family and tribal identity were central to one's social and religious life.

the man should marry the widow
The directive for the brother to marry the widow is rooted in the Hebrew practice of "yibbum," or levirate marriage. The Hebrew word "yabam" means "to perform the duty of a brother-in-law." This practice was not only a legal obligation but also a moral and social one, ensuring the protection and provision for the widow, who would otherwise be vulnerable in a patriarchal society. It also served to honor the deceased brother by continuing his lineage.

and raise up offspring for his brother
The purpose of this marriage was to "raise up offspring" for the deceased brother, ensuring that his name and inheritance would not be lost. This reflects the importance of legacy and continuity in the Jewish tradition. The offspring would be considered the legal heirs of the deceased brother, thus preserving his family line. This practice underscores the communal and familial responsibilities emphasized in the Mosaic Law, where individual actions were often directed towards the welfare and continuity of the family and community.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Jesus
- The central figure in the Gospel of Luke, who is being questioned by the Sadducees in this passage.

2. Sadducees
- A Jewish sect known for their denial of the resurrection, who are attempting to challenge Jesus with a question about the law.

3. Moses
- The great lawgiver of Israel, whose writings in the Torah are being referenced by the Sadducees.

4. Levirate Marriage
- The practice described in the Mosaic Law where a man is required to marry his deceased brother's widow if the brother died without children, to preserve the family line.

5. The Law of Moses
- Specifically, the commandment found in Deuteronomy 25:5-6, which the Sadducees are citing in their question to Jesus.

Teaching Points

Understanding the Law
The Sadducees' question is rooted in the Mosaic Law, specifically the practice of levirate marriage. Understanding the cultural and historical context of this law helps us appreciate the continuity and fulfillment of the law in Christ.

The Resurrection
The Sadducees' denial of the resurrection is a key point of contention. Jesus' response (in the following verses) affirms the reality of the resurrection, which is a cornerstone of Christian faith.

Scriptural Authority
Jesus often used Scripture to address questions and challenges. This passage encourages believers to know and use Scripture wisely in discussions about faith.

Marriage and Eternal Life
The question posed by the Sadducees also touches on the nature of relationships in the afterlife. Jesus' teaching points to a transformed existence beyond earthly institutions.

Faith and Reason
The interaction between Jesus and the Sadducees demonstrates the importance of engaging both faith and reason when discussing theological matters.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the practice of levirate marriage, as described in Deuteronomy 25:5-6, reflect the values and priorities of ancient Israelite society?

2. In what ways does Jesus' response to the Sadducees challenge their understanding of the resurrection and eternal life?

3. How can we apply Jesus' use of Scripture in this passage to our own discussions and debates about faith today?

4. What does this passage teach us about the nature of relationships in the afterlife, and how does this influence our understanding of marriage and family?

5. How can we balance faith and reason when faced with challenging questions about our beliefs, as demonstrated by Jesus in this passage?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Deuteronomy 25:5-6
This passage provides the basis for the practice of levirate marriage, which the Sadducees reference in their question to Jesus.

Genesis 38
The account of Tamar and Judah, which illustrates the practice of levirate marriage in the Old Testament.

Matthew 22:23-33 and Mark 12:18-27
Parallel accounts of this interaction between Jesus and the Sadducees, providing additional context and details.

Acts 23:8
Highlights the beliefs of the Sadducees, particularly their denial of the resurrection, which is central to their questioning of Jesus.