Luke 1:5

In the time of Herod king of Judea there was a priest named Zechariah, who belonged to the priestly division of Abijah, and whose wife Elizabeth was a daughter of Aaron.

Study Bible

In the time of Herod king of Judea
This phrase sets the historical context for the events that follow. Herod, known as Herod the Great, was a Roman client king of Judea. His reign is historically placed between 37 BC and 4 BC. Herod is known for his extensive building projects, including the expansion of the Second Temple in Jerusalem. However, he is also remembered for his tyrannical rule and the biblical account of the Massacre of the Innocents. The mention of Herod situates the narrative in a time of political tension and Roman influence over Judea, highlighting the anticipation of a Messiah who would deliver the Jewish people.

there was a priest named Zechariah
Zechariah, whose name means "Yahweh has remembered," was a priest, indicating his role in the religious life of Israel. Priests were responsible for performing sacrifices and maintaining the temple rituals. Zechariah's priestly lineage underscores the continuity of God's covenant with Israel and sets the stage for the divine intervention that will unfold. His role as a priest also emphasizes the importance of faithfulness and obedience to God's commandments.

who belonged to the priestly division of Abijah
The division of Abijah was one of the 24 divisions of priests established by King David (1 Chronicles 24:10). Each division served in the temple for one week, twice a year. This detail not only provides historical context but also underscores the order and structure within the priesthood. It highlights the meticulous nature of God's plan and the fulfillment of His promises through established institutions.

and his wife Elizabeth
Elizabeth, whose name means "God is my oath," was also of priestly descent, being a descendant of Aaron. Her lineage further emphasizes the pious and devout nature of the family. Elizabeth's role in the narrative is significant, as she becomes the mother of John the Baptist, the forerunner of Jesus. Her character exemplifies faith and righteousness, serving as a model for believers.

was also a descendant of Aaron
This phrase reiterates Elizabeth's priestly heritage, linking her to the first high priest of Israel, Aaron. The mention of Aaron connects the narrative to the Levitical priesthood and the covenantal promises made to Israel. It underscores the theme of God's faithfulness to His people and the continuity of His redemptive plan through generations. Elizabeth's lineage highlights the divine orchestration of events leading to the birth of John the Baptist, who would prepare the way for the Messiah.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Herod King of Judea
Herod the Great, a Roman-appointed king known for his extensive building projects and the expansion of the Second Temple in Jerusalem. His reign was marked by political cunning and brutality.

2. Zechariah
A Jewish priest serving in the temple, belonging to the division of Abijah. His role was significant in the religious life of Israel, performing duties in the temple as part of a rotating schedule.

3. Priestly Division of Abijah
One of the 24 divisions of priests established by King David (1 Chronicles 24:10). Each division served in the temple for a week at a time, twice a year.

4. Elizabeth
The wife of Zechariah, also of priestly lineage as a descendant of Aaron. Her heritage underscores the couple's deep roots in the religious traditions of Israel.

5. Judea
A region in the ancient Near East, significant as the location of Jerusalem and the center of Jewish worship and culture during the time of Jesus.

Teaching Points

Faithfulness in Service
Zechariah and Elizabeth exemplify faithfulness in their service to God despite personal challenges, such as their initial childlessness. Believers are encouraged to remain steadfast in their duties and trust in God's timing.

Heritage and Identity
The priestly lineage of both Zechariah and Elizabeth highlights the importance of spiritual heritage. Christians are reminded of their identity in Christ and the spiritual legacy they are called to uphold and pass on.

God's Sovereignty in History
The mention of Herod and the priestly divisions situates the account within a specific historical context, reminding believers of God's sovereignty over history and His ability to work through political and religious structures.

Preparation for God's Work
The lives of Zechariah and Elizabeth set the stage for the coming of John the Baptist, illustrating how God prepares His people for significant roles in His redemptive plan. Believers are encouraged to be open to God's preparation in their own lives.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the historical context of Herod's reign influence our understanding of the challenges faced by Zechariah and Elizabeth?

2. In what ways can we remain faithful in our service to God, even when we face personal challenges or unanswered prayers?

3. How does understanding our spiritual heritage and identity in Christ impact our daily lives and decisions?

4. What can we learn from Zechariah and Elizabeth about preparing for the roles God has for us in His plan?

5. How does the account of Zechariah and Elizabeth encourage us to trust in God's sovereignty and timing in our own lives?

Connections to Other Scriptures

1 Chronicles 24:10
This passage details the establishment of the 24 priestly divisions, including the division of Abijah, providing historical context for Zechariah's priestly duties.

Exodus 6:23
Highlights the lineage of Aaron, connecting Elizabeth to the priestly heritage and emphasizing the couple's religious significance.

Malachi 3:1
Prophecies about a messenger preparing the way for the Lord, which connects to the role of Zechariah and Elizabeth as parents of John the Baptist, the forerunner of Christ.