Leviticus 26:40

But if they will confess their iniquity and that of their fathers in the unfaithfulness that they practiced against Me, by which they have also walked in hostility toward Me--

Study Bible

But if they will confess
The Hebrew word for "confess" is "yadah," which means to acknowledge or admit. In the biblical context, confession is not merely an admission of guilt but a profound recognition of one's sins before God. This act of confession is a pivotal step in the process of repentance and restoration. It signifies a turning point where the individual or community acknowledges their wrongdoings and seeks reconciliation with God. Historically, confession has been a communal act in Israel, often accompanied by fasting and prayer, as seen in the practices during the Day of Atonement.

their iniquity
The term "iniquity" comes from the Hebrew word "avon," which implies a sense of guilt or moral perversity. Iniquity is more than just a single act of sin; it represents a pattern or condition of sinfulness. This acknowledgment of iniquity is crucial because it reflects an understanding of the depth and seriousness of one's sins. In the broader scriptural context, recognizing iniquity is essential for receiving God's forgiveness and mercy, as it demonstrates a heart willing to change.

and the iniquity of their fathers
This phrase highlights the concept of generational sin, where the sins of previous generations impact the present. The Hebrew culture was deeply communal, and the actions of one generation could have lasting effects on the next. By confessing the iniquity of their fathers, the Israelites acknowledge the historical patterns of sin that have contributed to their current state. This recognition is vital for breaking the cycle of sin and moving towards a future aligned with God's will.

their unfaithfulness
The word "unfaithfulness" is translated from the Hebrew "ma'al," which denotes treachery or betrayal. In the context of the covenant relationship between God and Israel, unfaithfulness is akin to spiritual adultery. It signifies a breach of trust and loyalty to God. Historically, Israel's unfaithfulness often manifested in idolatry and the worship of foreign gods, which was a direct violation of their covenant with Yahweh. Acknowledging this unfaithfulness is a step towards renewing their commitment to God.

that they practiced against Me
This phrase underscores the personal nature of sin against God. The Hebrew word "asah," meaning "to do" or "to make," indicates deliberate actions taken against God's commandments. The use of "against Me" emphasizes that sin is not just a violation of a moral code but a personal affront to God Himself. This understanding is crucial for fostering a genuine sense of repentance, as it highlights the relational aspect of sin and the need for restoration with God.

and also how they walked
The term "walked" is derived from the Hebrew "halak," which means to go or proceed. In biblical literature, one's "walk" often symbolizes their way of life or conduct. This phrase suggests a habitual pattern of behavior that is contrary to God's ways. The imagery of walking implies a journey or progression, indicating that the Israelites have consistently chosen a path of disobedience. Recognizing this pattern is essential for making a conscious decision to change direction and walk in alignment with God's will.

in hostility against Me
The word "hostility" comes from the Hebrew "qeri," which conveys a sense of opposition or enmity. This phrase paints a picture of a deliberate and adversarial stance against God. Historically, Israel's hostility was evident in their rebellion and refusal to heed God's commands. This acknowledgment of hostility is a sobering reminder of the severity of their actions and the need for a complete transformation of heart and mind. It calls for a return to a posture of humility and submission to God's authority.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Israelites
The primary audience of Leviticus, the Israelites are God's chosen people, who are given laws and commandments to follow.

2. Moses
The prophet and leader through whom God delivers His laws and instructions to the Israelites.

3. God (Yahweh)
The covenant-keeping God who establishes a relationship with the Israelites and sets forth conditions for blessings and curses.

4. The Wilderness
The setting where the Israelites receive the laws, including Leviticus, during their journey from Egypt to the Promised Land.

5. Confession and Repentance
The act of acknowledging sin and turning back to God, which is central to the restoration process described in this verse.

Teaching Points

The Importance of Confession
Confession is a crucial step in restoring our relationship with God. It involves acknowledging our sins and the sins of our forefathers, recognizing the impact of generational disobedience.

Understanding Iniquity
The Hebrew word for iniquity, (avon), implies a deep moral failing or perversity. Recognizing the weight of our iniquity is essential for genuine repentance.

Generational Accountability
This verse highlights the concept of generational sin, reminding us that our actions can have lasting effects on future generations. It calls us to break cycles of sin through confession and repentance.

Walking in Hostility Against God
The phrase "walked in hostility" suggests a deliberate and ongoing rebellion against God. True repentance requires a change in direction, moving from hostility to harmony with God's will.

The Promise of Restoration
God's willingness to forgive and restore is a testament to His mercy and grace. Confession opens the door to healing and renewed fellowship with God.

Bible Study Questions

1. What does it mean to confess both personal and ancestral iniquity, and how can this practice impact our spiritual lives today?

2. How does the concept of generational sin in Leviticus 26:40 relate to the idea of breaking negative cycles in our own families?

3. In what ways can we identify if we are "walking in hostility" against God, and what steps can we take to realign ourselves with His will?

4. How do the themes of confession and repentance in Leviticus 26:40 connect with New Testament teachings on forgiveness and restoration?

5. Reflect on a time when confession led to a significant change in your life. How can this experience encourage others in their journey of repentance?

Connections to Other Scriptures

1 John 1:9
This New Testament verse emphasizes the importance of confessing sins to receive forgiveness, echoing the call for confession in Leviticus 26:40.

2 Chronicles 7:14
This verse highlights the theme of repentance and turning back to God, promising healing and restoration for those who humble themselves and pray.

Daniel 9:4-19
Daniel's prayer of confession for his people reflects the principles found in Leviticus 26:40, acknowledging collective sin and seeking God's mercy.

Nehemiah 1:6-7
Nehemiah's confession of the sins of Israel parallels the call for acknowledging both personal and ancestral iniquity.

Psalm 32:5
David's acknowledgment of sin and God's forgiveness aligns with the promise of restoration upon confession in Leviticus 26:40.