Leviticus 18:21

You must not give any of your children to be sacrificed to Molech, for you must not profane the name of your God. I am the LORD.

Study Bible

You must not give
The Hebrew root for "give" here is "natan," which means to offer or present. In the context of ancient Israel, this command is a direct prohibition against the act of offering one's children in sacrificial rituals. The use of "natan" emphasizes the gravity of the act, as it implies a deliberate and conscious decision to hand over something precious. This command underscores the sanctity of life and the responsibility of parents to protect and nurture their children, rather than subject them to pagan practices.

any of your children
The phrase "any of your children" highlights the inclusivity of the command. It leaves no room for exceptions, emphasizing that every child is precious in the sight of God. In the ancient Near Eastern context, children were often seen as extensions of the family’s legacy and future. This command serves as a reminder that children are not possessions to be disposed of at will, but are entrusted to parents by God, deserving of love and protection.

to be sacrificed to Molech
"Molech" refers to a Canaanite deity associated with child sacrifice. Archaeological findings and historical records indicate that the worship of Molech involved horrific practices, including the burning of children as offerings. This phrase serves as a stark warning against adopting the detestable customs of surrounding nations. It underscores the call for Israel to remain distinct and holy, set apart for the worship of the one true God, who abhors such practices.

for you must not profane
The Hebrew word for "profane" is "chalal," which means to defile or desecrate. This term is often used in the context of violating something sacred. By engaging in the worship of Molech, the Israelites would be defiling the holiness of God’s name. This phrase serves as a reminder of the covenant relationship between God and His people, calling them to uphold His holiness in their actions and worship.

the name of your God
The "name" of God represents His character, authority, and reputation. In ancient Israel, a name was more than just a label; it conveyed the essence of a person or deity. By commanding the Israelites not to profane His name, God is calling them to live in a way that reflects His holiness and righteousness. This phrase emphasizes the importance of honoring God in all aspects of life, recognizing that their actions are a reflection of their relationship with Him.

I am the LORD
This declaration, "I am the LORD," is a powerful affirmation of God’s sovereignty and authority. The use of "LORD" in all capitals signifies the divine name "YHWH," the covenant name of God revealed to Moses. This statement serves as a reminder of God’s unchanging nature and His rightful place as the supreme ruler over Israel. It calls the Israelites to obedience and reverence, acknowledging that their identity and purpose are rooted in their relationship with the LORD.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Molech
A pagan deity associated with child sacrifice, worshiped by some ancient Near Eastern cultures. The worship of Molech was strictly forbidden by God as it involved detestable practices.

2. Children of Israel
The recipients of the Levitical laws, including the prohibition against sacrificing children to Molech. They were called to be a holy people, set apart for God.

3. The LORD (Yahweh)
The covenant God of Israel, who commands His people to live in holiness and not to adopt the abominable practices of surrounding nations.

4. Canaan
The land into which the Israelites were entering, where the worship of Molech and other pagan practices were prevalent.

5. Levitical Law
The body of laws given to the Israelites through Moses, which includes moral, ceremonial, and civil regulations to guide the people in living a life pleasing to God.

Teaching Points

Holiness and Separation
God calls His people to be distinct from the world, avoiding practices that are contrary to His nature and commands.

Value of Life
The prohibition against child sacrifice underscores the sanctity of human life, which is to be protected and cherished.

Worship and Idolatry
True worship of God requires rejecting idolatry in all its forms, including cultural practices that contradict God's commands.

Profaning God's Name
Engaging in practices that God abhors profanes His holy name, and believers are called to honor God in all aspects of life.

Cultural Influence
Believers must be vigilant against the influence of surrounding cultures that promote values and practices contrary to God's Word.

Bible Study Questions

1. What does the prohibition against sacrificing children to Molech reveal about God's character and His view of human life?

2. How can we apply the principle of being set apart for God in our modern context, especially in areas where cultural practices conflict with biblical values?

3. In what ways might we be tempted to "profane the name of God" in our daily lives, and how can we guard against this?

4. How does the call to be a "living sacrifice" in Romans 12:1-2 relate to the command in Leviticus 18:21?

5. What are some modern-day "idols" or cultural practices that Christians should be cautious of, and how can we ensure our worship remains pure and pleasing to God?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Deuteronomy 12:31
This verse reiterates the prohibition against adopting the detestable practices of the nations, including child sacrifice.

2 Kings 23:10
Describes King Josiah's reforms, where he defiled Topheth to prevent child sacrifices to Molech, showing a historical application of this command.

Jeremiah 32:35
Condemns the practice of child sacrifice, emphasizing that such acts were never commanded by God and are an abomination.

Romans 12:1-2
Encourages believers to offer themselves as living sacrifices, holy and pleasing to God, contrasting the pagan practices with spiritual worship.