Leviticus 15:18

If a man lies with a woman and there is an emission of semen, both must bathe with water, and they will remain unclean until evening.

Study Bible

If a man has sexual relations with a woman
This phrase addresses the natural and God-ordained act of sexual union between a man and a woman. In the Hebrew context, the word used here is "שָׁכַב" (shakab), which means to lie down or to have sexual relations. This act, within the bounds of marriage, is seen as a gift from God, intended for procreation and the expression of love and unity between husband and wife. The Bible consistently upholds the sanctity of marriage, and this passage underscores the importance of purity and holiness even in the most intimate aspects of life.

and there is an emission of semen
The Hebrew term for "emission" is "שִׁכְבַת" (shikhvat), which refers to the physical discharge of semen. This natural biological process is acknowledged in the Scriptures, and its mention here highlights the importance of recognizing the sacredness of life-giving potential. In the ancient Near Eastern context, semen was often associated with life and fertility, and its emission was considered a significant event, warranting ritual purification.

both must bathe with water
The act of bathing with water symbolizes purification and cleansing. Water, in biblical symbolism, often represents purification, life, and the Holy Spirit. The requirement for both individuals to bathe signifies the mutual responsibility in maintaining purity and holiness. This ritual act serves as a reminder of the need for spiritual cleanliness and the washing away of impurities, pointing forward to the New Testament understanding of baptism and spiritual renewal.

and they will be unclean until evening
The concept of being "unclean" (טָמֵא, tamei) in the Hebrew tradition is not merely about physical dirtiness but a state of ritual impurity that temporarily restricts participation in communal worship and activities. The period "until evening" indicates a temporary state, emphasizing that uncleanness is not a permanent condition but one that can be resolved through proper observance of God's laws. This reflects God's grace and the opportunity for restoration and renewal, encouraging believers to seek continual purification and alignment with God's holiness.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Moses
The author of Leviticus, who received the laws from God to instruct the Israelites.

2. Israelites
The people to whom the laws in Leviticus were given, as part of their covenant relationship with God.

3. Tabernacle
The central place of worship for the Israelites, where purity laws were especially significant.

4. Ritual Purity
The state of being ceremonially clean, which was necessary for participation in worship and community life.

5. Evening
The time by which ritual impurity would end, marking a new day in the Hebrew calendar.

Teaching Points

Understanding Ritual Purity
The laws in Leviticus highlight the importance of ritual purity in maintaining a relationship with God. While these specific laws are not binding on Christians today, they remind us of the holiness required to approach God.

Symbolism of Cleansing
The act of bathing symbolizes a deeper spiritual cleansing. As Christians, we are called to seek spiritual purity through repentance and faith in Christ.

Temporary vs. Eternal Purity
The temporary nature of uncleanness until evening points to the eternal purity we have in Christ, who cleanses us from all sin.

Respect for the Marriage Covenant
This law underscores the sanctity of the marriage relationship and the need for mutual respect and care within it.

Holistic Approach to Purity
While the focus here is on physical cleanliness, it serves as a reminder that God desires purity in all aspects of our lives—physical, spiritual, and relational.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the concept of ritual purity in Leviticus 15:18 relate to our understanding of holiness today?

2. In what ways can the symbolism of cleansing in this verse be applied to our spiritual lives?

3. How does the temporary nature of uncleanness in Leviticus point to the eternal cleansing we receive through Christ?

4. What can we learn from this passage about the importance of respecting the marriage covenant?

5. How can we apply the principles of purity from Leviticus 15:18 to our daily walk with God, considering New Testament teachings?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Genesis 2:24
This verse speaks of the union between a man and a woman, which is foundational to understanding the context of sexual relations in Leviticus.

1 Corinthians 6:18-20
Paul discusses the importance of honoring God with our bodies, which connects to the theme of purity in Leviticus.

Hebrews 10:22
This verse speaks of drawing near to God with a pure heart, echoing the purification rituals in Leviticus.

Psalm 51:7
David's plea for purification and cleansing, which reflects the spiritual significance of physical cleanliness.

Mark 7:14-23
Jesus teaches about what truly defiles a person, providing a New Testament perspective on purity laws.