Judges 3:4
These nations were left to test the Israelites, to find out whether they would keep the commandments of the LORD, which He had given their fathers through Moses.
These nations were left to test the Israelites,

The remaining Canaanite peoples were not outside God’s rule, even though Israel’s earlier disobedience had contributed to their continued presence in the land. Their idolatry, military strength, and cultural influence exposed whether a new generation of Israelites would trust the LORD or adopt the ways of the land. God’s tests do not reveal information unknown to Him; they bring the condition of human hearts into the open and call His people to proven obedience (Deuteronomy 8:2).

Deu 8:2 Remember that these forty years the LORD your God led you…
Exo 16:4 Then the LORD said to Moses, “Behold, I will rain down bread…
Deu 13:3 you must not listen to the words of that prophet or dreamer.…

to find out whether they would keep the commandments of the LORD,

Israel’s covenant life depended on wholehearted obedience to God’s revealed will. The nations around them continually presented opportunities to compromise through intermarriage, false worship, and reliance on human power. Faithfulness required Israel to reject the gods and practices of Canaan and to live as the people set apart for the LORD. Obedience was not merely external conformity but the evidence of covenant loyalty and love for God.

Deu 6:17 You are to diligently keep the commandments of the LORD…
Deu 5:29 If only they had such a heart to fear Me…
Jos 22:5 But be very careful to observe the commandment and the law…

which He had given their fathers through Moses.

The generation entering this period was accountable to the same law the LORD had given at Sinai through Moses. God’s commands belonged to all Israel, linking children and grandchildren to the covenant made with their fathers. Moses served as God’s appointed mediator in giving the Law, while Jesus Christ fulfills and surpasses Moses as the Son over God’s house, bringing the New Covenant and writing God’s law upon the hearts of His people (Hebrews 3:3–6; Jeremiah 31:33).

Deu 4:44-45 This is the law that Moses set before the Israelites.…
Jos 1:7 Above all, be strong and very courageous.…
Jos 23:6 Be very strong, then, so that you can keep and obey…

Persons / Places / Events
1. Israel
The chosen people of God, descendants of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, who were given the Promised Land.

2. The Nations
Refers to the Canaanite nations left in the land to test Israel's faithfulness to God's commandments.

3. The LORD (Yahweh)
The covenant God of Israel, who delivered the commandments through Moses.

4. Moses
The prophet and leader who received the Law from God and delivered it to the Israelites.

5. The Commandments
The laws and decrees given by God to guide Israel in righteousness and holiness.
Teaching Points
Purpose of Testing
God allows tests to reveal the true nature of our faith and commitment to His commandments.

Faithfulness to God's Word
The presence of challenges and temptations should drive us to cling more closely to God's Word and His promises.

Learning from the Past
Reflect on the history of Israel to understand the importance of obedience and the consequences of disobedience.

Spiritual Vigilance
Be aware of the spiritual "nations" or influences in our lives that test our faithfulness to God.

Dependence on God
Trials remind us of our need for God's strength and guidance to remain faithful.
Bible Study Questions
1. What were the specific commandments given to Israel through Moses that they were being tested on?

2. How can we identify the "nations" or influences in our lives today that test our faithfulness to God?

3. In what ways does the testing of our faith produce spiritual growth, according to James 1:2-4?

4. How can we apply the lessons from Israel's history of obedience and disobedience to our own spiritual journey?

5. What practical steps can we take to ensure that we remain faithful to God's commandments in the face of trials and temptations?
Connections to Other Scriptures
Deuteronomy 8:2
This verse speaks about God testing Israel in the wilderness to know what was in their hearts, similar to the testing mentioned in Judges 3:4.

Exodus 20:20
Moses tells the people that God has come to test them, so that the fear of Him will keep them from sinning.

James 1:2-4
The New Testament speaks about trials testing faith, producing perseverance, and leading to maturity, paralleling the testing of Israel.

1 Peter 1:6-7
Peter discusses the testing of faith through trials, which refines and proves the genuineness of faith.
The Proving of IsraelA.F. Muir Judges 3:1-4
It was God's Will, ThenL. H. Wiseman, M.A.Judges 3:1-5
Tests and ChastisementJ. P. Millar.Judges 3:1-5
The Trial and Chastisement of an Unfaithful PeopleJ. P. Millar.Judges 3:1-5
People
Amalek, Amalekites, Ammonites, Amorites, Anath, Aram, Canaanites, Chushanrishathaim, Chushan-rishathaim, Eglon, Ehud, Gera, Hittites, Hivite, Hivites, Israelites, Jebusites, Kenaz, Moabites, Othniel, Perizzites, Shamgar, Sidonians, Zidonians
Places
Canaan, Gilgal, Jordan River, Lebanon, Lebo-hamath, Mesopotamia, Moab, Mount Baal-hermon, Seirah
Topics
Commanded, Commandments, Commands, Ear, Fathers, Forefathers, Hearken, Israelites, Listen, Lord's, Obey, Orders, Prove, Purpose, Testing, Whether
Dictionary of Bible Themes
Judges 3:1-4

     5473   proof, through testing

Library
Use what You Have
Few people really are and do their best. Nature has blessed a few with great talents and abilities. These persons often become proud, self-centered, and feel themselves to be superior, and for that reason many times they fail to make the proper use of their abilities. How often are they used in a bad or foolish way, so that what might be a blessing to the world fails to be such! There are many others who realize they do not possess these natural gifts. They look upon those who have them, and envy
Charles Wesley Naylor—Heart Talks

Gifts and Talents.
"And the Spirit of the Lord came upon him."--Judges iii. 10. We now consider the Holy Spirit's work in bestowing gifts, talents, and abilities upon artisans and professional men. Scripture declares that the special animation and qualification of persons for work assigned to them by God proceed from the Holy Spirit. The construction of the tabernacle required capable workmen, skilful carpenters, goldsmiths, and silversmiths, and masters in the arts of weaving and embroidering. Who will furnish Moses
Abraham Kuyper—The Work of the Holy Spirit

Whether Baptism Should Take Away the Penalties of Sin that Belong to this Life?
Objection 1: It seems that Baptism should take away the penalties of sin that belong to this life. For as the Apostle says (Rom. 5:15), the gift of Christ is farther-reaching than the sin of Adam. But through Adam's sin, as the Apostle says (Rom. 5:12), "death entered into this world," and, consequently, all the other penalties of the present life. Much more, therefore, should man be freed from the penalties of the present life, by the gift of Christ which is received in Baptism. Objection 2: Further,
Saint Thomas Aquinas—Summa Theologica

"This Then is the Message which we have Heard of Him, and Declare unto You, that God is Light,"
1 John i. 5.--"This then is the message which we have heard of him, and declare unto you, that God is light," &c. The great design of the gospel is to make up the breach of man's joy, and open up the way to the fulness of it, and therefore it is the good news and glad tidings of great joy, the only best message that ever came to the world. Now it shows unto us the channel that this river of gladness and joy runs into, it discovers what is the way of the conveyance of it to the soul, and what are
Hugh Binning—The Works of the Rev. Hugh Binning

Whether the Old Law Enjoined Fitting Precepts Concerning Rulers?
Objection 1: It would seem that the Old Law made unfitting precepts concerning rulers. Because, as the Philosopher says (Polit. iii, 4), "the ordering of the people depends mostly on the chief ruler." But the Law contains no precept relating to the institution of the chief ruler; and yet we find therein prescriptions concerning the inferior rulers: firstly (Ex. 18:21): "Provide out of all the people wise [Vulg.: 'able'] men," etc.; again (Num. 11:16): "Gather unto Me seventy men of the ancients of
Saint Thomas Aquinas—Summa Theologica

The Country of Jericho, and the Situation of the City.
Here we will borrow Josephus' pencil, "Jericho is seated in a plain, yet a certain barren mountain hangs over it, narrow, indeed, but long; for it runs out northward to the country of Scythopolis,--and southward, to the country of Sodom, and the utmost coast of the Asphaltites." Of this mountain mention is made, Joshua 2:22, where the two spies, sent by Joshua, and received by Rahab, are said to "conceal themselves." "Opposite against this, lies a mountain on the other side Jordan, beginning from
John Lightfoot—From the Talmud and Hebraica

The Prophecy of Obadiah.
We need not enter into details regarding the question as to the time when the prophet wrote. By a thorough argumentation, Caspari has proved, that he occupies his right position in the Canon, and hence belongs to the earliest age of written prophecy, i.e., to the time of Jeroboam II. and Uzziah. As bearing conclusively against those who would assign to him a far later date, viz., the time of the exile, there is not only the indirect testimony borne by the place which this prophecy occupies in
Ernst Wilhelm Hengstenberg—Christology of the Old Testament

The Doctrine of Angels.
I. THEIR EXISTENCE. 1. THE TEACHING OF JESUS. 2. THE TEACHING OF THE APOSTLES. II. THEIR NATURE. 1. CREATED BEINGS. 2. SPIRITUAL BEINGS. 3. GREAT POWER AND MIGHT. 4. VARIOUS GRADES. 5. THE NUMBER OF ANGELS. III. THE FALL OF ANGELS. 1. TIME AND CAUSE. 2. THE WORK OF FALLEN ANGELS. 3. THE JUDGMENT OF FALLEN ANGELS. IV. THE WORK OF ANGELS. 1. THEIR HEAVENLY MINISTRY. 2. THEIR EARTHLY MINISTRY. a) In Relation to the Believer. b) In Relation to Christ's Second Coming. THE DOCTRINE OF ANGELS. We are not
Rev. William Evans—The Great Doctrines of the Bible

Judges
For the understanding of the early history and religion of Israel, the book of Judges, which covers the period from the death of Joshua to the beginning of the struggle with the Philistines, is of inestimable importance; and it is very fortunate that the elements contributed by the later editors are so easily separated from the ancient stories whose moral they seek to point. That moral is most elaborately stated in ii. 6-iii. 6, which is a sort of programme or preface to iii. 7-xvi. 31, which constitutes
John Edgar McFadyen—Introduction to the Old Testament

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