Judges 16:23

Now the lords of the Philistines gathered together to offer a great sacrifice to their god Dagon. They rejoiced and said, "Our god has delivered Samson our enemy into our hands."

Study Bible

Now the lords of the Philistines assembled
The phrase "Now the lords of the Philistines assembled" indicates a gathering of the Philistine rulers, known as "seren" in Hebrew, which refers to the five rulers of the Philistine city-states. Historically, the Philistines were a confederation of city-states, each ruled by its own lord. This assembly signifies a moment of political and religious importance, as these leaders came together for a unified purpose. The Philistines were a significant adversary of Israel during the time of the Judges, often oppressing the Israelites and challenging their faith in Yahweh.

to offer a great sacrifice
The act "to offer a great sacrifice" underscores the religious fervor and cultural practices of the Philistines. Sacrifices were central to ancient Near Eastern religions, serving as acts of worship, appeasement, and thanksgiving to their deities. The adjective "great" suggests the magnitude and importance of this particular sacrifice, likely involving numerous offerings and a large assembly of people. This event was not merely a religious ritual but also a public celebration of their perceived victory over Samson, whom they saw as a formidable enemy.

to Dagon their god
"Dagon" was a major deity in the Philistine pantheon, often associated with grain and fertility. Archaeological findings, such as temples and inscriptions, have confirmed the worship of Dagon in Philistine cities like Ashdod. The Philistines attributed their military successes to Dagon, reflecting their belief in the god's power and favor. This moment of sacrifice to Dagon highlights the spiritual battle between the God of Israel and the gods of the surrounding nations, a recurring theme in the Old Testament.

and to celebrate
The phrase "and to celebrate" indicates a time of festivity and joy among the Philistines. Celebrations in ancient cultures often included feasting, music, and dancing, serving as communal expressions of triumph and unity. This celebration was not only a religious observance but also a political statement, reinforcing the Philistines' dominance over Israel and their confidence in their god's superiority.

saying, 'Our god has delivered Samson our enemy into our hands.'
The declaration "Our god has delivered Samson our enemy into our hands" reveals the Philistines' interpretation of their victory as a divine act. The verb "delivered" suggests a belief in Dagon's active involvement in their success. Samson, known for his extraordinary strength and exploits against the Philistines, was a significant threat. His capture was seen as a divine vindication of their faith in Dagon. This statement also reflects the ancient worldview where military victories were often attributed to the favor of one's deity, contrasting with the biblical narrative that attributes true deliverance and victory to the God of Israel. This moment sets the stage for the dramatic conclusion of Samson's story, where God's power is ultimately demonstrated despite the Philistines' temporary triumph.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Lords of the Philistines
The ruling leaders of the Philistine people, who were enemies of Israel. They played a significant role in the oppression of the Israelites during the time of the Judges.

2. Dagon
The chief deity of the Philistines, often associated with grain and fertility. The Philistines attributed their victory over Samson to Dagon, highlighting their belief in the power of their god.

3. Samson
A judge of Israel known for his supernatural strength, which was given by God. His capture by the Philistines was a significant event, as it marked a moment of apparent triumph for Israel's enemies.

4. Philistia
The region inhabited by the Philistines, located along the southern coast of Canaan. It was a constant source of conflict for the Israelites.

5. Sacrifice and Celebration
The Philistines' gathering to offer sacrifices to Dagon was both a religious and a political event, celebrating their perceived victory over Samson and, by extension, over the God of Israel.

Teaching Points

The Danger of Idolatry
The Philistines' worship of Dagon serves as a cautionary tale about the dangers of idolatry. Believers are reminded to guard against placing anything above God in their lives.

God's Sovereignty
Despite the Philistines' temporary victory, God's ultimate sovereignty is never in question. This encourages believers to trust in God's plan, even when circumstances seem dire.

The Consequences of Disobedience
Samson's capture is a direct result of his disobedience and failure to live according to God's commands. This serves as a warning about the consequences of straying from God's will.

The Power of Repentance
Samson's account ultimately points to the power of repentance and God's willingness to restore those who turn back to Him. Believers are encouraged to seek God's forgiveness and strength.

Celebrating God's Victories
Just as the Philistines celebrated their perceived victory, believers are called to celebrate and give thanks for the victories God grants in their lives, recognizing His hand in all things.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the Philistines' celebration of Samson's capture reflect their understanding of power and victory? How does this compare to a biblical understanding of true power?

2. In what ways can modern believers fall into the trap of idolatry, and how can they guard against it?

3. How does the account of Samson illustrate the consequences of disobedience to God? Can you think of other biblical figures who faced similar consequences?

4. What does the eventual downfall of Dagon in 1 Samuel 5 teach us about the power and sovereignty of God over false gods and idols?

5. How can we apply the lessons from Samson's life to our own spiritual journey, particularly in terms of repentance and seeking God's strength?

Connections to Other Scriptures

1 Samuel 5
This passage describes the capture of the Ark of the Covenant by the Philistines and its placement in the temple of Dagon, where Dagon falls before the Ark. This connection highlights the impotence of false gods before the true God of Israel.

Exodus 20:3-5
The commandment against idolatry underscores the futility of the Philistines' worship of Dagon and serves as a reminder of God's sovereignty over all false gods.

Hebrews 11:32
Samson is mentioned in the "Hall of Faith," which provides a broader context for understanding his role and the ultimate victory of faith despite his personal failures.