Joshua 21:32

And from the tribe of Naphtali they were given Kedesh in Galilee (a city of refuge for the manslayer), Hammoth-dor, and Kartan--three cities, together with their pasturelands.

Study Bible

And from the tribe of Naphtali
The tribe of Naphtali was one of the twelve tribes of Israel, descended from Naphtali, the sixth son of Jacob and the second son of Bilhah, Rachel's maidservant. This tribe settled in the northern part of Canaan, an area known for its fertile land and strategic location. The allocation of cities to the Levites from Naphtali's territory signifies the tribe's role in supporting the religious and spiritual life of Israel. Historically, Naphtali's land was a region of great significance, often a battleground due to its location.

they gave Kedesh in Galilee
Kedesh, meaning "holy" or "sacred" in Hebrew, was a city of refuge located in the region of Galilee. It served as a sanctuary for those who accidentally committed manslaughter, providing them protection from the avenger of blood until a fair trial could be conducted. The mention of Galilee is significant, as this region later becomes central in the New Testament, being the area where Jesus conducted much of His ministry. The concept of a city of refuge reflects God's justice and mercy, offering protection and due process.

a city of refuge for the manslayer
The cities of refuge were established by God as part of the Mosaic Law to ensure justice and mercy. They provided a safe haven for individuals who had unintentionally caused the death of another, preventing blood vengeance and allowing for a fair trial. This system underscores the value God places on life and justice, balancing the need for accountability with compassion. It foreshadows the ultimate refuge found in Christ, who offers forgiveness and protection from the consequences of sin.

Hammoth-dor
Hammoth-dor, also known as Hammath, was another city allocated to the Levites. The name "Hammoth" is derived from the Hebrew word for "hot springs," indicating the presence of thermal springs in the area. This city, like others given to the Levites, was strategically chosen to support the spiritual leadership and service of the Levites throughout Israel. The presence of hot springs may have made it a place of healing and rest, symbolically pointing to the restorative work of the Levites in the community.

and Kartan
Kartan, though less mentioned in biblical texts, was another city given to the Levites. Its inclusion in the list of Levitical cities highlights the comprehensive provision for the Levites across the land of Israel. Each city played a role in ensuring that the Levites could fulfill their duties without the burden of land ownership, allowing them to focus on their spiritual responsibilities. This reflects the importance of supporting those dedicated to spiritual service.

three cities, along with their pasturelands
The allocation of pasturelands along with the cities was crucial for the Levites, who did not receive a tribal inheritance of land like the other tribes. These lands provided for their livestock and sustenance, ensuring their needs were met as they served the community. This provision illustrates God's care for those who serve Him, ensuring they have the resources necessary to carry out their duties. It also emphasizes the communal responsibility of the Israelites to support their spiritual leaders.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Tribe of Naphtali
One of the twelve tribes of Israel, descended from Naphtali, the son of Jacob and Bilhah. This tribe was allocated land in the northern part of Canaan.

2. Kedesh in Galilee
A city designated as a city of refuge, where individuals who committed manslaughter could seek asylum. It was located in the region of Galilee, which later became significant in the New Testament as the area where Jesus conducted much of His ministry.

3. City of Refuge
A city where someone who had accidentally killed another could flee to avoid revenge from the victim's family. This system was established by God to ensure justice and mercy.

4. Hammoth-dor
Another city given to the Levites, located in the territory of Naphtali. Its exact historical significance is less documented, but it was part of the Levitical cities.

5. Kartan
A city in the territory of Naphtali, also given to the Levites. Like Hammoth-dor, it was part of the provision for the Levites.

Teaching Points

God's Provision for Justice and Mercy
The cities of refuge demonstrate God's balance of justice and mercy, providing a way for the innocent to be protected while ensuring that justice is served. This reflects God's character and His desire for His people to live justly.

The Role of the Levites
The allocation of cities to the Levites, including those of refuge, underscores the importance of spiritual leadership and the provision for those who serve God. It reminds us of the need to support and uphold those in ministry.

Spiritual Refuge in Christ
Just as the cities of refuge provided safety for the manslayer, Christ offers spiritual refuge for sinners. Believers can find safety and forgiveness in Him, highlighting the gospel's message of grace.

Community Responsibility
The establishment of these cities required the cooperation and support of the entire community, illustrating the importance of communal responsibility and care for one another.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the concept of a city of refuge reflect God's character, and how can we apply this understanding to our lives today?

2. In what ways can the church today serve as a "city of refuge" for those seeking spiritual safety and support?

3. How does the allocation of cities to the Levites inform our understanding of the role of spiritual leaders in our communities?

4. What parallels can we draw between the cities of refuge and the refuge we find in Christ, as described in Hebrews 6:18?

5. How can we, as individuals and as a community, ensure that we are upholding justice and mercy in our interactions with others?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Numbers 35
This chapter outlines the establishment of cities of refuge, providing context for their purpose and function within Israelite society.

Deuteronomy 19
Further instructions on the cities of refuge, emphasizing the importance of justice and the protection of the innocent.

Hebrews 6:18
This New Testament passage uses the concept of refuge to illustrate the hope and security found in Christ, drawing a spiritual parallel to the physical refuge provided by these cities.