Joshua 18:12
On the north side their border began at the Jordan, went up past the northern slope of Jericho, headed west through the hill country, and came out at the wilderness of Beth-aven.
On the north side
This phrase indicates the geographical orientation of the boundary being described. In the context of ancient Israel, the north side often represented a direction of strength and strategic importance. The Hebrew word for "north" is "צָפוֹן" (tsaphon), which can also imply hidden or concealed, suggesting the mysterious and often unpredictable nature of the northern territories. This direction was significant for the tribes as it often bordered foreign lands, requiring vigilance and strength.

their border
The term "border" in Hebrew is "גְּבוּל" (gevul), which refers to a boundary or limit. In the context of the Israelites, borders were divinely appointed and held spiritual significance as they delineated the inheritance given by God. Borders were not just physical demarcations but also represented the extent of God's promise and provision for His people.

began at the Jordan
The Jordan River is a significant geographical and spiritual landmark in the Bible. The Hebrew word "יַרְדֵּן" (Yarden) means "descender," reflecting the river's flow from the highlands to the Dead Sea. The Jordan was a place of crossing and transition, symbolizing new beginnings and the fulfillment of God's promises, as the Israelites entered the Promised Land.

proceeded up the slope north of Jericho
Jericho, known as "יְרִיחוֹ" (Yericho) in Hebrew, was the first city conquered by the Israelites in the Promised Land. The phrase "up the slope" indicates an ascent, both physically and spiritually, as the Israelites moved from the plains of the Jordan into the hill country. This ascent can symbolize the upward journey of faith and the challenges faced in claiming God's promises.

continued into the hill country
The "hill country" refers to the elevated regions of the land, often associated with strength, refuge, and divine encounters. In Hebrew, "הַר" (har) means mountain or hill, and these areas were seen as places of closeness to God, where patriarchs like Abraham and Moses had significant encounters with the Divine.

to the wilderness of Beth-aven
Beth-aven, meaning "house of vanity" or "house of nothingness" in Hebrew, was a place near Bethel. The wilderness, or "מִדְבָּר" (midbar), often represents a place of testing, purification, and preparation in the Bible. It is a reminder of the Israelites' journey through the desert and the need to rely on God for sustenance and guidance. The mention of Beth-aven serves as a caution against idolatry and the emptiness of turning away from God.

Persons / Places / Events
1. Jordan River
A significant geographical landmark in Israel, often symbolizing transition and new beginnings, as it was the crossing point into the Promised Land.

2. Jericho
An ancient city known for its fortified walls and the miraculous victory God gave to the Israelites under Joshua's leadership.

3. Hill Country
This refers to the elevated region west of Jericho, which was part of the land allocated to the tribes of Israel.

4. Wilderness of Beth-aven
A desolate area that served as a boundary marker. "Beth-aven" means "house of wickedness," indicating a place of idolatry or false worship.

5. Tribal Allotments
The division of the Promised Land among the tribes of Israel, a fulfillment of God's promise to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.
Teaching Points
God's Faithfulness in Fulfillment
The detailed description of the land boundaries underscores God's faithfulness in fulfilling His promises to the patriarchs. We can trust God to fulfill His promises in our lives.

Significance of Boundaries
Just as the Israelites had specific boundaries, God sets spiritual and moral boundaries for our lives. Recognizing and respecting these boundaries leads to blessing and protection.

Transition and New Beginnings
The Jordan River symbolizes transitions. In our spiritual journey, we often face transitions that require faith and obedience to God's leading.

Overcoming Obstacles
The mention of Jericho reminds us that God can overcome any obstacle in our path when we trust and obey Him.

Avoiding Idolatry
The reference to Beth-aven serves as a warning against idolatry and false worship. We must guard our hearts against anything that takes the place of God.
Bible Study Questions
1. How does the detailed description of the land boundaries in Joshua 18:12 reflect God's faithfulness to His promises?

2. In what ways can the concept of boundaries in this passage apply to our spiritual and moral lives today?

3. How does the crossing of the Jordan River serve as a metaphor for transitions in our own spiritual journey?

4. What lessons can we learn from the fall of Jericho about facing and overcoming obstacles in our lives?

5. How can we identify and avoid modern-day "Beth-avens" or areas of idolatry in our lives?
Connections to Other Scriptures
Joshua 3-4
The crossing of the Jordan River by the Israelites, marking their entry into the Promised Land.

Joshua 6
The fall of Jericho, demonstrating God's power and faithfulness in delivering the land to His people.

Genesis 12:7
God's promise to Abraham to give his descendants the land, which is being fulfilled in the book of Joshua.

1 Samuel 13:5
Beth-aven is mentioned in the context of Saul's battles, highlighting its continued significance in Israel's history.
Joshua's RemonstranceR. P. Buddicom, M. A.Joshua 18:1-28
Religion in the New LandW. G. Blaikie, D. D.Joshua 18:1-28
Slack to PossessW. Seaton.Joshua 18:1-28
People
Addar, Ben, Benjamin, Bohan, Ephron, Gad, Gibeon, Hoglah, Israelites, Joseph, Joshua, Levites, Manasseh, Ophrah, Rekem, Reuben
Places
Adummim, Arabah, Ataroth-addar, Avvim, Beeroth, Beth-arabah, Beth-aven, Bethel, Beth-hoglah, Beth-horon, Emek-keziz, En-rogel, En-shemesh, Ephron, Geba, Geliloth, Gibeah, Gibeon, Haeleph, Irpeel, Jebus, Jericho, Jerusalem, Jordan River, Kiriath-baal, Kiriath-jearim, Luz, Mizpeh, Mozah, Nephtoah, Ophni, Ophrah, Parah, Ramah, Rekem, Salt Sea, Shiloh, Taralah, Valley of Hinnom, Valley of Rephaim, Zela, Zemaraim
Topics
Aven, Beth, Bethaven, Beth-aven, Beth-a'ven, Border, Boundary, Desert, Ended, Ending, Ends, Goes, Goings, Headed, Hill, Hill-country, Jericho, Jordan, Limit, Limits, Line, Mountain, Mountains, North, Northern, Outgoings, Passed, Quarter, Shoulder, Slope, Thereof, Waste, West, Westward, Wilderness
Dictionary of Bible Themes
Joshua 18:12

     4230   desert

Joshua 18:11-28

     5235   boundary

Library
The Northern Coast of Judea. Beth-Horon.
This coast is marked out Joshua 18:12; where, at verse 14, are very many versions to be corrected, which render the sea; such are, the Syriac, the Seventy, the Vulgar, the Italian, ours, &c.: whence ariseth a sense of insuperable difficulty to a chorographical eye: when it should, indeed, be rendered of the west, as the Chaldee, Arabic, R. Solomon, &c. rightly do. We read of a double Beth-horon in the Old Testament, but one only under the second Temple... At that place that great Canaanitish army
John Lightfoot—From the Talmud and Hebraica

Ramah. Ramathaim Zophim. Gibeah.
There was a certain Ramah, in the tribe of Benjamin, Joshua 18:25, and that within sight of Jerusalem, as it seems, Judges 19:13; where it is named with Gibeah:--and elsewhere, Hosea 5:8; which towns were not much distant. See 1 Samuel 22:6; "Saul sat in Gibeah, under a grove in Ramah." Here the Gemarists trifle: "Whence is it (say they) that Ramah is placed near Gibea? To hint to you, that the speech of Samuel of Ramah was the cause, why Saul remained two years and a half in Gibeah." They blindly
John Lightfoot—From the Talmud and Hebraica

Beth-El. Beth-Aven.
Josephus thus describes the land of Benjamin; "The Benjamites' portion of land was from the river Jordan to the sea, in length: in breadth, it was bounded by Jerusalem and Beth-el." Let these last words be marked, "The breadth of the land of Benjamin was bounded by Jerusalem and Beth-el." May we not justly conclude, from these words, that Jerusalem and Beth-el were opposite, as it were, in a right line? But if you look upon the maps, there are some that separate these by a very large tract of land,
John Lightfoot—From the Talmud and Hebraica

Retiring Before the Sanhedrin's Decree.
(Jerusalem and Ephraim in Judæa.) ^D John XI. 47-54. ^d 47 The chief priests therefore and the Pharisees gathered a council [called a meeting of the Sanhedrin], and said, What do we? [Thus they reproach one another for having done nothing in a present and urgent crisis. As two of their number (Nicodemus and Joseph of Arimathæa) were afterwards in communications with Christians, it was easy for the disciples to find out what occurred on this notable occasion.] for this man doeth many signs.
J. W. McGarvey—The Four-Fold Gospel

Flight into Egypt and Slaughter of the Bethlehem Children.
(Bethlehem and Road Thence to Egypt, b.c. 4.) ^A Matt. II. 13-18. ^a 13 Now when they were departed [The text favors the idea that the arrival and departure of the magi and the departure of Joseph for Egypt, all occurred in one night. If so, the people of Bethlehem knew nothing of these matters], behold, the angel of the Lord appeareth to Joseph in a dream, saying, Arise [this command calls for immediate departure] and take the young child and his mother, and flee into Egypt [This land was ever the
J. W. McGarvey—The Four-Fold Gospel

Subjects of Study. Home Education in Israel; Female Education. Elementary Schools, Schoolmasters, and School Arrangements.
If a faithful picture of society in ancient Greece or Rome were to be presented to view, it is not easy to believe that even they who now most oppose the Bible could wish their aims success. For this, at any rate, may be asserted, without fear of gainsaying, that no other religion than that of the Bible has proved competent to control an advanced, or even an advancing, state of civilisation. Every other bound has been successively passed and submerged by the rising tide; how deep only the student
Alfred Edersheim—Sketches of Jewish Social Life

Joshua
The book of Joshua is the natural complement of the Pentateuch. Moses is dead, but the people are on the verge of the promised land, and the story of early Israel would be incomplete, did it not record the conquest of that land and her establishment upon it. The divine purpose moves restlessly on, until it is accomplished; so "after the death of Moses, Jehovah spake to Joshua," i. 1. The book falls naturally into three divisions: (a) the conquest of Canaan (i.-xii.), (b) the settlement of the
John Edgar McFadyen—Introduction to the Old Testament

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