John 7:51

"Does our law convict a man without first hearing from him to determine what he has done?"

Study Bible

Does our law
This phrase refers to the Mosaic Law, which was the foundation of Jewish legal and religious life. The Greek word for "law" here is "νόμος" (nomos), which encompasses not only the written statutes but also the oral traditions and interpretations that had developed over centuries. The law was central to Jewish identity and governance, serving as a divine guide for justice and righteousness. In this context, Nicodemus, who is speaking, is appealing to the legal standards that were supposed to ensure fairness and justice, highlighting the importance of adhering to God's commandments in judicial matters.

convict a man
The Greek word for "convict" is "κρίνει" (krinei), which means to judge or condemn. This term implies a formal decision or verdict, often with legal consequences. In the Jewish legal system, conviction required a thorough examination of evidence and testimony. Nicodemus is questioning the legality and morality of condemning someone without a proper trial, emphasizing the need for justice and due process as prescribed by the law.

without first hearing from him
The phrase underscores the principle of audi alteram partem, a Latin term meaning "listen to the other side," which is a fundamental aspect of justice. The Greek word for "hearing" is "ἀκούσῃ" (akousē), which implies not just listening but understanding and considering the testimony of the accused. This reflects the biblical principle found in Deuteronomy 1:16, where judges are instructed to hear cases fairly. Nicodemus is advocating for this principle, reminding his peers of the necessity to hear Jesus' side before passing judgment.

to determine what he has done
This phrase involves the process of investigation and discernment. The Greek word "γινώσκει" (ginōskei) means to know or to ascertain. It suggests a thorough examination of facts and actions before reaching a conclusion. In the context of John 7, Nicodemus is urging the Sanhedrin to investigate Jesus' actions and teachings objectively. This reflects the biblical call for truth and justice, as seen in Proverbs 18:13, which warns against answering a matter before hearing it fully.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Nicodemus
A Pharisee and a member of the Jewish ruling council, the Sanhedrin. He previously visited Jesus at night to inquire about His teachings (John 3).

2. Sanhedrin
The Jewish ruling council responsible for religious and legal matters. They were debating how to deal with Jesus, whom they saw as a threat to their authority.

3. Jesus
The central figure of the New Testament, whose teachings and miracles were causing division among the Jewish leaders.

4. The Law
Refers to the Mosaic Law, which includes principles of justice and fairness, such as the requirement for a fair hearing.

5. Jerusalem
The city where these events took place, a central location for Jewish religious and political life.

Teaching Points

Principle of Justice
The importance of due process and hearing all sides before making a judgment is a biblical principle that should guide our interactions and decisions.

Courage to Speak Up
Nicodemus demonstrates courage by speaking up for justice, even when it is unpopular. We are called to stand for truth and fairness, even in challenging situations.

Open-mindedness
Nicodemus' willingness to question and seek understanding is a model for us to remain open to God's truth, even when it challenges our preconceived notions.

Role of the Law
The law is meant to protect and ensure justice. As Christians, we should respect and uphold laws that align with biblical principles of justice and mercy.

Seeking Truth
Like Nicodemus, we should seek to understand Jesus' teachings deeply and be willing to defend them when necessary.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does Nicodemus' question in John 7:51 reflect the principles of justice found in the Mosaic Law?

2. In what ways can we demonstrate courage like Nicodemus when faced with situations that require us to stand for truth and justice?

3. How does the principle of hearing all sides before making a judgment apply to our daily interactions and decision-making?

4. What can we learn from Nicodemus' journey from a secret inquirer to a defender of Jesus about our own spiritual growth and openness to God's truth?

5. How do the actions of Nicodemus and Gamaliel in the New Testament challenge us to approach conflicts and disagreements within our communities?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Deuteronomy 1:16-17
This passage emphasizes the importance of fair judgment and hearing both sides before making a decision, reflecting the principle Nicodemus refers to.

Proverbs 18:13
Highlights the folly of answering a matter before hearing it, reinforcing the need for a fair hearing.

John 3:1-21
Provides background on Nicodemus and his initial encounter with Jesus, showing his interest and openness to Jesus' teachings.

Acts 5:34-39
Gamaliel, another member of the Sanhedrin, advises caution and fairness in dealing with the apostles, similar to Nicodemus' approach.