Job 31:21

if I have lifted up my hand against the fatherless because I saw that I had support in the gate,

Study Bible

if I have raised my hand
This phrase signifies an act of aggression or injustice. In ancient times, raising one's hand was often symbolic of taking an oath or making a decisive action, sometimes for violence or oppression. The Hebrew root word "נָשָׂא" (nasa) can mean to lift or carry, but in this context, it implies an act of power or authority used unjustly. Job is asserting his innocence by denying any misuse of power against the vulnerable.

against the fatherless
The "fatherless" refers to orphans, who were among the most vulnerable in ancient society. The Hebrew word "יָתוֹם" (yathom) emphasizes the lack of protection and provision that a father would typically provide. In the biblical context, God repeatedly commands His people to care for orphans, widows, and strangers, highlighting His concern for justice and mercy. Job's claim here underscores his adherence to God's commands and his moral integrity.

because I saw that I had support
This phrase suggests a temptation to misuse power due to having backing or influence. The Hebrew word "שָׁעַן" (sha'an) means to lean on or rely upon, indicating a sense of security or confidence. Job is confessing that even when he had the opportunity to exploit his position, he refrained. This reflects his commitment to righteousness over personal gain or societal pressure.

in the gate
The "gate" was the place of legal transactions and public affairs in ancient cities. It was where elders and leaders gathered to make decisions and administer justice. The Hebrew word "שַׁעַר" (sha'ar) denotes this significant location. Job's mention of the gate implies that he had influence and authority in these public matters, yet he chose not to abuse it. This highlights his integrity and the high ethical standards he maintained, even in positions of power.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Job
A man described as blameless and upright, who feared God and shunned evil. He is the central figure in the Book of Job, known for his immense suffering and unwavering faith.

2. The Fatherless
Refers to orphans or those without parental support, often seen as vulnerable and in need of protection in biblical times.

3. The Gate
In ancient cities, the gate was a place of legal transactions, judgment, and public affairs. It was where elders and leaders gathered to make decisions.

Teaching Points

Integrity in Power
Job's statement reflects his commitment to using his influence justly, even when he had the power to act otherwise. Believers are called to exercise integrity, especially when in positions of authority.

Compassion for the Vulnerable
The fatherless represent those who are most vulnerable in society. Christians are encouraged to show compassion and provide support to those in need, following Job's example.

Accountability in Community
The reference to "the gate" suggests a public setting where actions are observed and judged. Believers should live transparently and be accountable to their communities.

Avoiding Abuse of Power
Job's refusal to exploit his position for personal gain serves as a reminder to avoid abusing power or influence, especially at the expense of the vulnerable.

Reflecting God's Character
By caring for the fatherless, Job reflects God's own character of justice and mercy. Christians are called to mirror these attributes in their daily lives.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does Job's treatment of the fatherless challenge us to consider our own actions towards the vulnerable in our communities?

2. In what ways can we ensure that we are using our influence and power justly, as Job did?

3. How does the setting of "the gate" in ancient times compare to public accountability in today's society?

4. What are some practical steps we can take to defend the rights of the fatherless and other vulnerable groups, as encouraged in Psalm 82:3?

5. How does James 1:27's definition of pure religion inspire us to live out our faith in tangible ways, particularly in caring for orphans and widows?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Deuteronomy 10:18
This verse highlights God's care for the fatherless, emphasizing His justice and compassion, which Job seeks to emulate.

Psalm 82:3
Calls for defending the weak and fatherless, aligning with Job's declaration of integrity in his treatment of the vulnerable.

James 1:27
Describes pure religion as caring for orphans and widows, connecting to Job's commitment to righteousness and justice.