Genesis 43:34

When the portions were served to them from Joseph's table, Benjamin's portion was five times larger than any of the others. So they feasted and drank freely with Joseph.

Study Bible

When the portions were served
This phrase indicates a formal meal setting, reflecting the customs of ancient Egypt where meals were often served in a hierarchical manner. The Hebrew word for "portions" (מָשְׂאוֹת, mas'ot) suggests a deliberate allocation, emphasizing Joseph's authority and the structured nature of the feast. This act of serving portions also symbolizes the provision and abundance that God can bestow upon His people, even in foreign lands.

from Joseph’s table
Joseph's table signifies a place of honor and authority. In the ancient Near Eastern context, sharing a meal was a sign of fellowship and acceptance. Joseph, who was once rejected by his brothers, now holds a position of power and grace, offering sustenance and reconciliation. This reflects the biblical theme of redemption and the reversal of fortunes, where God elevates the humble and restores broken relationships.

Benjamin’s portion was five times larger
The number five in biblical numerology often symbolizes grace. Benjamin, the youngest and Joseph's full brother, receives a portion five times larger, highlighting Joseph's special affection and the grace extended to him. This act foreshadows the grace that God extends to His chosen people, often beyond what is deserved or expected. It also tests the brothers' jealousy, a recurring theme in their family history.

than any of the others
This comparison underscores the preferential treatment Benjamin receives, which could have incited envy among the brothers. However, it serves as a test of their character transformation since their earlier betrayal of Joseph. The narrative invites readers to reflect on their own responses to God's blessings upon others, encouraging a heart of gratitude and contentment.

So they feasted
Feasting in the biblical context is often associated with celebration, covenant, and divine blessing. The Hebrew root for "feasted" (שָׁתָה, shatah) implies not just eating but partaking in joy and fellowship. This moment of feasting represents a temporary peace and unity among the brothers, a foretaste of the reconciliation that is to come.

and drank freely with him
Drinking freely suggests a sense of liberation and joy. The brothers, who once harbored guilt and fear, now experience a moment of relief and camaraderie. This phrase captures the essence of divine hospitality, where God invites His people to partake in His abundance without restraint. It is a reminder of the joy and freedom found in God's presence, where past grievances are overshadowed by His grace and provision.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Joseph
The governor of Egypt, who was once sold into slavery by his brothers. He is now in a position of power and is testing his brothers' character.

2. Benjamin
The youngest son of Jacob and Joseph's full brother. He receives a portion five times larger than his brothers, highlighting Joseph's special affection for him.

3. Joseph's Brothers
The sons of Jacob who previously sold Joseph into slavery. They are now in Egypt seeking food during a famine and are unaware of Joseph's true identity.

4. Egypt
The land where Joseph has risen to power and where his brothers have come to buy grain during a severe famine.

5. Feast
A significant event where Joseph dines with his brothers, testing their jealousy and unity by giving Benjamin a larger portion.

Teaching Points

Grace and Favor
Joseph's act of giving Benjamin a larger portion is a demonstration of grace and favor. It reminds us of God's abundant grace towards us, even when we may not deserve it.

Testing of Character
Joseph's actions test his brothers' character, particularly their jealousy and unity. This challenges us to reflect on how we respond to others' blessings and successes.

Reconciliation and Forgiveness
The feast is a step towards reconciliation. It encourages us to seek forgiveness and restoration in our relationships, following Joseph's example.

God's Sovereignty
Despite past wrongs, God uses Joseph's position to bring about His purposes. This teaches us to trust in God's sovereignty in our lives, even in difficult circumstances.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does Joseph's treatment of Benjamin reflect God's grace towards us, and how can we extend that grace to others in our lives?

2. In what ways does Joseph's test of his brothers' character challenge us to examine our own hearts for jealousy or resentment?

3. How can the account of Joseph and his brothers inspire us to pursue reconciliation and forgiveness in our own relationships?

4. What does this passage teach us about God's sovereignty and His ability to use our circumstances for His purposes?

5. How can we apply the lessons of favor and testing from this passage to our daily walk with God and interactions with others?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Genesis 37
The account of Joseph's dreams and his brothers' jealousy, which led to his being sold into slavery. This background sets the stage for the current test of character.

Genesis 42
The first visit of Joseph's brothers to Egypt, where Joseph begins to test them, setting up the events of Genesis 43.

1 Samuel 1
Hannah's account, where a portion is given to her by her husband, Elkanah, showing favor and love, similar to Joseph's favor towards Benjamin.

Luke 15
The parable of the Prodigal Son, where the father's lavish love and forgiveness mirror Joseph's grace towards his brothers.