Genesis 36:10

These are the names of Esau's sons: Eliphaz son of Esau's wife Adah, and Reuel son of Esau's wife Basemath.

Study Bible

These are the names
The phrase "These are the names" introduces a genealogical record, a common literary form in the Old Testament. In Hebrew, the word for "names" is "שֵׁמוֹת" (shemot), which signifies more than just a label; it often reflects character, destiny, or divine purpose. In ancient Near Eastern cultures, names held significant meaning and were often given with the hope or expectation of the individual's future role or character. This introduction sets the stage for understanding the lineage and legacy of Esau, a key figure in the narrative of Genesis.

of Esau’s sons
Esau, known in Hebrew as "עֵשָׂו" (Esav), is a central figure in the Genesis narrative, representing the Edomites, a people often in conflict with Israel. The mention of "Esau’s sons" highlights the continuation of his lineage and the fulfillment of God's promise to Abraham that he would be the father of many nations. Esau's descendants play a significant role in the biblical narrative, often serving as a foil to the Israelites, and their mention here underscores the broader theme of God's sovereignty over nations and history.

Eliphaz son of Adah
Eliphaz, whose name in Hebrew "אֱלִיפַז" (Eliphaz) means "God is fine gold" or "God is my strength," is the firstborn of Esau. His mother, Adah, is one of Esau's wives, and her name means "ornament" or "adornment." The mention of Eliphaz signifies the beginning of Esau's lineage and the establishment of the Edomite tribes. Eliphaz is also noted in the Book of Job as one of Job's friends, suggesting a connection between the Edomites and the wisdom traditions of the ancient Near East.

and Reuel son of Basemath
Reuel, in Hebrew "רְעוּאֵל" (Reuel), means "friend of God" or "God is a friend." This name reflects a positive relationship with the divine, which is significant given the often adversarial relationship between the Edomites and the Israelites. Basemath, Esau's wife and Reuel's mother, means "fragrance" or "perfume," indicating beauty or pleasantness. The inclusion of Reuel in this genealogy highlights the diversity and complexity of Esau's descendants and their interactions with the broader biblical narrative.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Esau
The elder son of Isaac and Rebekah, and the twin brother of Jacob. Esau is the ancestor of the Edomites, a significant group in biblical history.

2. Eliphaz
The son of Esau and his wife Adah. Eliphaz is an important figure as he becomes the father of several Edomite chiefs, indicating the growth and establishment of Esau's lineage.

3. Reuel
The son of Esau and his wife Basemath. Reuel's descendants also play a role in the development of the Edomite nation.

4. Adah
One of Esau's wives, the mother of Eliphaz. Her lineage contributes to the Edomite heritage.

5. Basemath
Another wife of Esau, the mother of Reuel. Her descendants are part of the Edomite lineage.

Teaching Points

Understanding Lineage and Legacy
The genealogies in the Bible, such as those in Genesis 36, remind us of the importance of family heritage and the impact of our ancestors on our spiritual and physical lives.

The Consequences of Choices
Esau's choice to marry Canaanite women, against his parents' wishes, had long-term implications for his descendants. Our choices can have lasting effects on future generations.

God's Sovereignty in History
The development of nations from Esau and Jacob demonstrates God's sovereign plan unfolding through history, even through human decisions and actions.

Reconciliation and Conflict
The account of Esau and Jacob, and their descendants, highlights themes of reconciliation and conflict. It encourages us to seek peace and reconciliation in our relationships.

Spiritual Inheritance
Esau's account is a cautionary tale about valuing spiritual inheritance. We are encouraged to prioritize our spiritual lives and not trade them for temporary, worldly gains.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the lineage of Esau, as described in Genesis 36:10, reflect the fulfillment of God's prophecy to Rebekah in Genesis 25:23?

2. In what ways do the choices of Esau and his descendants impact their relationship with the Israelites throughout biblical history?

3. How can understanding the genealogies in the Bible, such as Esau's, help us appreciate the broader account of God's plan for humanity?

4. What lessons can we learn from Esau's life about the importance of valuing our spiritual inheritance over temporary pleasures?

5. How can the account of Esau and Jacob encourage us to seek reconciliation in our own relationships, and what steps can we take to achieve it?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Genesis 25:23
This verse speaks of the prophecy given to Rebekah about her twins, Jacob and Esau, indicating that two nations would come from her womb. This prophecy is fulfilled as Esau becomes the father of the Edomites.

Obadiah 1:1-21
The book of Obadiah addresses the nation of Edom, descended from Esau, and their relationship with Israel, descended from Jacob. It highlights the ongoing conflict and God's judgment on Edom.

Hebrews 12:16-17
This passage warns against godlessness like Esau, who sold his birthright for a single meal. It serves as a moral lesson on valuing spiritual inheritance.