Ezekiel 27:23
Haran, Canneh, and Eden traded with you, and so did the merchants of Sheba, Asshur, and Chilmad.
Haran
This city, located in Mesopotamia, is historically significant as the place where Abraham's family settled after leaving Ur (Genesis 11:31). Haran was a major trade center, strategically positioned on the trade routes between the east and west. Its mention here underscores the extensive reach of Tyre's trade network, symbolizing the city's wealth and influence. The Hebrew root for Haran suggests a "crossroad" or "junction," reflecting its role as a pivotal trading hub.

Canneh
Often identified with Calneh, a city mentioned in Genesis 10:10 as part of Nimrod's kingdom, Canneh was likely a significant commercial center. Its inclusion in this list highlights the diversity and breadth of Tyre's trading partners. The name Canneh may derive from a root meaning "reed" or "stalk," possibly indicating a fertile area conducive to trade and agriculture.

Eden
While Eden is famously known as the location of the Garden of Eden, in this context, it likely refers to a region or settlement known for its prosperity and abundance. The Hebrew word "Eden" means "delight" or "pleasure," suggesting a place of great wealth and resources, fitting for a trading partner of Tyre.

the merchants of Sheba
Sheba, often associated with the Sabaeans of southern Arabia, was renowned for its wealth, particularly in spices, gold, and precious stones. The Queen of Sheba's visit to Solomon (1 Kings 10) exemplifies the region's affluence and its role in ancient trade. The merchants of Sheba symbolize the luxurious and exotic goods that flowed into Tyre, enhancing its status as a commercial powerhouse.

Asshur
Asshur, the capital of the Assyrian Empire, was a dominant force in the ancient Near East. Known for its military prowess and extensive trade networks, Asshur's inclusion signifies the political and economic connections Tyre maintained. The name Asshur is linked to the Assyrian god of the same name, reflecting the city's cultural and religious significance.

Chilmad
This location is less well-known, with limited historical references, but it is believed to be a trading partner in the region of Mesopotamia. The mention of Chilmad, alongside more prominent cities, suggests that Tyre's trade network extended even to lesser-known areas, emphasizing its comprehensive reach. The name Chilmad may derive from a root meaning "to bind" or "to join," indicating a place of alliance or partnership in trade.

traded with you
This phrase encapsulates the central theme of the verse, highlighting the extensive and diverse trade relationships that Tyre enjoyed. The Hebrew root for "traded" conveys the idea of exchange and commerce, underscoring the mutual benefits and interdependence between Tyre and its partners. This trade not only brought wealth but also cultural exchange, contributing to Tyre's reputation as a cosmopolitan center.

Persons / Places / Events
1. Haran
An ancient city located in Mesopotamia, known for its trade routes and historical significance in the Bible, including being a place where Abraham sojourned.

2. Canneh
Likely a trading city or region, though its exact historical location is uncertain. It is mentioned in the context of trade, indicating its economic importance.

3. Eden
While often associated with the Garden of Eden, in this context, it likely refers to a region or trading partner known for its wealth and resources.

4. Merchants of Sheba
Refers to traders from the region of Sheba, known for their wealth and luxury goods, such as spices and gold.

5. Asshur and Chilmad
Asshur is a reference to the Assyrian Empire, a dominant power known for its military and economic strength. Chilmad is less well-known but is included among significant trading partners.
Teaching Points
The Importance of Trade and Economy
The passage highlights the interconnectedness of ancient economies and the role of trade in societal development. Christians can reflect on the importance of ethical business practices and stewardship in today's global economy.

God's Sovereignty Over Nations
The inclusion of various nations and cities in Ezekiel's prophecy underscores God's control over all nations. Believers are reminded to trust in God's sovereignty over world events and political powers.

The Transience of Earthly Wealth
The trading partners of Tyre, though wealthy and powerful, are ultimately subject to God's judgment. This serves as a reminder to prioritize spiritual wealth over material possessions.

Cultural and Historical Context in Scripture
Understanding the historical and cultural background of biblical texts enriches our comprehension and application of Scripture. Christians are encouraged to study the Bible with an awareness of its historical context.
Bible Study Questions
1. How does the mention of these specific trading partners in Ezekiel 27:23 enhance our understanding of Tyre's economic power and influence?

2. In what ways can the historical significance of Haran and Sheba inform our understanding of biblical accounts and God's unfolding plan?

3. How does the concept of God's sovereignty over nations, as seen in Ezekiel and other scriptures, impact our view of current global events?

4. What lessons can we learn from the transient nature of Tyre's wealth and power, and how can we apply these lessons to our own lives?

5. How can studying the cultural and historical context of biblical passages deepen our relationship with God and our understanding of His Word?
Connections to Other Scriptures
Genesis 11:31
Haran is mentioned as a place where Terah, Abraham's father, settled. This connection highlights Haran's historical and geographical significance.

1 Kings 10:1-2
The Queen of Sheba's visit to Solomon illustrates the wealth and trade connections of Sheba, emphasizing the economic ties mentioned in Ezekiel.

Isaiah 10:5-19
Asshur (Assyria) is depicted as a tool of God's judgment, showing the dual role of these nations as both economic partners and instruments in God's plans.
The Beauty, Glory, and Replenishment of the City of TyreJ.R. Thomson Ezekiel 27:1-25
A Celebration of Remarkable ProsperityW. Jones Ezekiel 27:1-36
A Proud CityW. Greenhill, M. A.Ezekiel 27:1-36
God's Observation of Our Business HoursEzekiel 27:1-36
Responsibility of City RulersT. De Witt Talmage.Ezekiel 27:1-36
The Fate of TyreJ. Parker, D. D.Ezekiel 27:1-36
The Position of Tyre on Land and SeaT. De Witt Talmage.Ezekiel 27:1-36
The Sin of TyreJohn Skinner, M. A.Ezekiel 27:1-36
Wreck of a Stately ShipJ.D. Davies Ezekiel 27:1-36
Great Fairs UniversalT. De Witt Talmage.Ezekiel 27:12-23
Home Industries to be EncouragedEzekiel 27:12-23
The Fairs of TyreT. De Witt Talmage.Ezekiel 27:12-23
A Picture of Extensive Commercial RelationsW. Jones Ezekiel 27:12-25
People
Aram, Ashurites, Dan, Dedan, Elishah, Ezekiel, Haran, Javan, Kedar, Kittim, Kittites, Lud, Lydia, Meshech, Phut, Tarshish, Togarmah, Tubal, Uzal, Zidon
Places
Arabia, Arvad, Asshur, Bashan, Canneh, Chilmad, Cyprus, Damascus, Dedan, Egypt, Elishah, Gamad, Gebal, Haran, Helbon, Helech, Javan, Kedar, Lebanon, Lud, Meshech, Minnith, Persia, Put, Sahar, Senir, Sheba, Sidon, Syria, Tarshish, Tigris-Euphrates Region, Tubal, Tyre, Uzal
Topics
Apprentice, Asshur, Canneh, Chilmad, Eden, Haran, Kilmad, Medes, Merchants, Sheba, Traded, Traders, Traffic, Traffickers
Dictionary of Bible Themes
Ezekiel 27:1-25

     5407   merchants

Ezekiel 27:1-36

     5587   trade

Ezekiel 27:2-36

     5899   lament

Library
Third Circuit of Galilee. The Twelve Instructed and Sent Forth.
^A Matt. IX. 35-38; X. 1, 5-42; XI. 1; ^B Mark VI. 6-13; ^C Luke IX. 1-6. ^b 6 And he ^a Jesus ^b went about ^a all the cities and villages, teaching in their synagogues, and preaching the gospel of the kingdom, and healing all manner sickness and all manner of sickness. [In the first circuit of Galilee some of the twelve accompanied Jesus as disciples (see [3]Section XXXIII.); in the second the twelve were with him as apostles; in the third they, too, are sent forth as evangelists to supplement
J. W. McGarvey—The Four-Fold Gospel

Humility is the Root of Charity, and Meekness the Fruit of Both. ...
Humility is the root of charity, and meekness the fruit of both. There is no solid and pure ground of love to others, except the rubbish of self-love be first cast out of the soul; and when that superfluity of naughtiness is cast out, then charity hath a solid and deep foundation: "The end of the command is charity out of a pure heart," 1 Tim. i. 5. It is only such a purified heart, cleansed from that poison and contagion of pride and self-estimation, that can send out such a sweet and wholesome
Hugh Binning—The Works of the Rev. Hugh Binning

Second Great Group of Parables.
(Probably in Peræa.) Subdivision F. Parable of the Rich Man and Lazarus. ^C Luke XVI. 19-31. [The parable we are about to study is a direct advance upon the thoughts in the previous section. We may say generally that if the parable of the unjust steward teaches how riches are to be used, this parable sets forth the terrible consequences of a failure to so use them. Each point of the previous discourse is covered in detail, as will be shown by the references in the discussion of the parable.]
J. W. McGarvey—The Four-Fold Gospel

Ezekiel
To a modern taste, Ezekiel does not appeal anything like so powerfully as Isaiah or Jeremiah. He has neither the majesty of the one nor the tenderness and passion of the other. There is much in him that is fantastic, and much that is ritualistic. His imaginations border sometimes on the grotesque and sometimes on the mechanical. Yet he is a historical figure of the first importance; it was very largely from him that Judaism received the ecclesiastical impulse by which for centuries it was powerfully
John Edgar McFadyen—Introduction to the Old Testament

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