Exodus 7:23
Instead, Pharaoh turned around, went into his palace, and did not take any of this to heart.
Instead
This word indicates a contrast or a change in direction from what might have been expected. In the context of the plagues, it suggests that despite the miraculous signs and wonders performed by Moses and Aaron, Pharaoh's response was contrary to what one might anticipate. The Hebrew root here implies a turning away, highlighting Pharaoh's stubbornness and resistance to God's will.

Pharaoh
Pharaoh was not just a political leader but was considered a god in Egyptian culture. His heart's hardening is a central theme in Exodus, symbolizing the resistance of human pride against divine authority. Historically, Pharaohs were seen as intermediaries between the gods and the people, making his defiance not just a personal choice but a national stance against the God of Israel.

turned around
This phrase suggests a physical and metaphorical turning away. The Hebrew verb used here can imply a deliberate decision to reject or ignore. It reflects Pharaoh's conscious choice to dismiss the signs of God's power, illustrating the depth of his obstinacy and the spiritual blindness that can accompany a hardened heart.

went into his palace
The palace represents Pharaoh's seat of power and comfort. By retreating into his palace, Pharaoh is symbolically withdrawing into his own world, insulated from the reality of God's actions. This act of retreat can be seen as a metaphor for how people often retreat into their own beliefs or comforts when confronted with challenging truths.

and did not take even this to heart
This phrase underscores Pharaoh's refusal to internalize or be moved by the events unfolding before him. The Hebrew concept of "heart" (lev) encompasses the mind, will, and emotions. Pharaoh's failure to "take to heart" indicates a complete rejection of the divine message, highlighting the spiritual peril of a hardened heart. This serves as a warning against the dangers of ignoring God's signs and the call to repentance.

Persons / Places / Events
1. Pharaoh
The ruler of Egypt, whose heart was hardened against the Israelites and their God. He represents the obstinate resistance to God's will.

2. Moses and Aaron
God's chosen leaders to deliver the Israelites from Egyptian bondage. They are the instruments through which God performs signs and wonders.

3. The Palace
The seat of Pharaoh's power and authority, symbolizing his earthly dominion and the hardness of his heart.

4. The Plagues
A series of divine judgments on Egypt, intended to demonstrate God's power and compel Pharaoh to release the Israelites.

5. The Nile River
The site of the first plague, where the water was turned to blood, demonstrating God's supremacy over Egyptian deities.
Teaching Points
The Danger of a Hardened Heart
Pharaoh's refusal to heed God's signs is a warning against spiritual stubbornness. We must remain open to God's voice and responsive to His guidance.

God's Sovereignty and Patience
Despite Pharaoh's resistance, God continues to reveal His power and offer opportunities for repentance. This demonstrates God's patience and desire for all to come to repentance.

The Importance of Taking God's Word to Heart
Pharaoh's failure to take the signs to heart serves as a reminder to internalize God's Word and allow it to transform our lives.

The Consequences of Ignoring God's Warnings
Ignoring God's warnings leads to judgment and missed opportunities for deliverance. We must heed God's warnings and align our lives with His will.

The Role of Leaders in God's Plan
Moses and Aaron's obedience highlights the importance of faithful leadership in fulfilling God's purposes. We are called to lead with integrity and courage.
Bible Study Questions
1. What does Pharaoh's response to the first plague reveal about the condition of his heart, and how can we guard against similar hardness in our own lives?

2. How does the account of the plagues in Exodus 7-11 illustrate God's sovereignty and patience? How can we apply this understanding to our own experiences of waiting on God?

3. In what ways can we ensure that we are taking God's Word to heart and allowing it to transform us, rather than merely hearing it?

4. How do the consequences faced by Pharaoh serve as a warning for us today regarding the importance of heeding God's warnings?

5. What qualities of leadership do Moses and Aaron demonstrate in this passage, and how can we apply these qualities in our own roles as leaders in our communities and families?
Connections to Other Scriptures
Exodus 8-11
These chapters continue the account of the plagues, showing the progressive hardening of Pharaoh's heart and God's persistent call for repentance.

Romans 9:17-18
Paul references Pharaoh to illustrate God's sovereignty and the purpose of His judgments in displaying His power and mercy.

Hebrews 3:7-19
This passage warns against hardening one's heart, using the Israelites' wilderness experience as a cautionary tale.

Proverbs 28:14
Highlights the blessing of a responsive heart and the danger of hardening one's heart against God.
The Great ConflictH.T. Robjohns Exodus 7:1-25
The Lord, He is GodG.A. Goodhart Exodus 7:1-25
Opportunity in Christian ServiceJ. S. Exell, M. A.Exodus 7:14-25
Superstitions Respecting the NileT. S. Millington.Exodus 7:14-25
The First Plague: the Water Turned to BloodD. Young Exodus 7:14-25
The Nile Turned into BloodJ. Orr Exodus 7:14-25
The River Changed into BloodJ. S. Exell, M. A.Exodus 7:14-25
The River Turned into BloodJ. S. Exell, M. A.Exodus 7:14-25
The River Which was Turned into BloodA. McAuslane, D. D.Exodus 7:14-25
The Water Turned into BloodJ. Urquhart Exodus 7:14-25
People
Aaron, Egyptians, Israelites, Moses, Pharaoh
Places
Egypt, Nile River
Topics
Concern, Either, Heart, Lay, Palace, Pharaoh, Regard, Turneth
Dictionary of Bible Themes
Exodus 7:8-24

     5593   trial

Exodus 7:22-23

     5016   heart, fallen and redeemed

Library
The History of the Prophetic Sermons, Epistles, and Apocalypses
[Sidenote: Real character and aims of the prophets] To understand and rightly interpret the prophetic writings of the Old Testament it is necessary to cast aside a false impression as to the character of the prophets which is widely prevalent. They were not foretellers, but forth-tellers. Instead of being vague dreamers, in imagination living far in the distant future, they were most emphatically men of their own times, enlightened and devoted patriots, social and ethical reformers, and spiritual
Charles Foster Kent—The Origin & Permanent Value of the Old Testament

Letter Lxxxv. To Paulinus.
Paulinus had asked Jerome two questions, (1) how can certain passages of scripture (Exod. vii. 13; Rom. ix. 16) be reconciled with Free Will? and (2) Why are the children of believers said to be holy (1 Cor. vii. 14) apart from baptismal grace? For the first of these questions Jerome refers Paulinus to his version (newly made) of Origen's treatise, On First Principles. For the second he quotes the explanation of Tertullian. Written in 400 a.d. 1. Your words urge me to write to you but your eloquence
St. Jerome—The Principal Works of St. Jerome

The Hardening in the Sacred Scripture.
"He hath hardened their heart."-- John xii. 40. The Scripture teaches positively that the hardening and "darkening of their foolish heart" is a divine, intentional act. This is plainly evident from God's charge to Moses concerning the king of Egypt: "Thou shalt speak all that I command thee; and I will harden Pharaoh's heart, and multiply My signs and wonders in the land of Egypt. But Pharaoh shall not harken unto you, and I will lay My hand upon Egypt, and the Egyptians shall know that I am the
Abraham Kuyper—The Work of the Holy Spirit

Sixteenth Sunday after Trinity Paul's Care and Prayer for the Church.
Text: Ephesians 3, 13-21. 13. Wherefore I ask that ye may not faint at my tribulations for you, which are your glory. 14 For this cause I bow my knees unto the Father, 15 from whom every family in heaven and on earth is named, 16 and that he would grant you, according to the riches of his glory, that ye may be strengthened with power through his Spirit in the inward man; 17 that Christ may dwell in your hearts through faith; to the end that ye, being rooted and grounded in love, 18 may be strong
Martin Luther—Epistle Sermons, Vol. III

Exposition of Chap. Iii. (ii. 28-32. )
Ver. 1. "And it shall come to pass, afterwards, I will pour out My Spirit upon all flesh; and your sons and your daughters shall prophesy; your old men shall dream dreams, and your young men shall see visions." The communication of the Spirit of God was the constant prerogative of the Covenant-people. Indeed, the very idea of such a people necessarily requires it. For the Spirit of God is the only inward bond betwixt Him and that which is created; a Covenant-people, therefore, without such an inward
Ernst Wilhelm Hengstenberg—Christology of the Old Testament

Exodus
The book of Exodus--so named in the Greek version from the march of Israel out of Egypt--opens upon a scene of oppression very different from the prosperity and triumph in which Genesis had closed. Israel is being cruelly crushed by the new dynasty which has arisen in Egypt (i.) and the story of the book is the story of her redemption. Ultimately it is Israel's God that is her redeemer, but He operates largely by human means; and the first step is the preparation of a deliverer, Moses, whose parentage,
John Edgar McFadyen—Introduction to the Old Testament

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