Exodus 5:17

"You are slackers!" Pharaoh replied. "Slackers! That is why you keep saying, 'Let us go and sacrifice to the LORD.'

Study Bible

You are slackers
This phrase is a direct accusation from Pharaoh towards the Israelites. The Hebrew word used here is "נִרְפִּים" (nirpim), which can be translated as "idle" or "lazy." In the context of ancient Egypt, labor was a crucial part of society, especially for slaves. Pharaoh's accusation reflects his perception of the Israelites as not fulfilling their expected duties. This highlights the oppressive nature of their bondage and the dismissive attitude of Pharaoh towards their plight. The term "slackers" is not just a comment on their work ethic but a dehumanizing label that denies their suffering and cries for freedom.

Pharaoh replied
The mention of Pharaoh replying indicates a direct confrontation between him and the representatives of the Israelites. Pharaoh, as the ruler of Egypt, held absolute power and was often seen as a god-like figure. His response is not just a personal retort but an official stance of the Egyptian state. This interaction sets the stage for the ensuing conflict between God's will and Pharaoh's hardened heart. Historically, Pharaohs were known for their authoritative rule, and this reply underscores the challenge Moses and Aaron faced in advocating for their people.

If you are slackers
The repetition of the accusation emphasizes Pharaoh's disbelief and scorn towards the Israelites' request for relief. The Hebrew language often uses repetition for emphasis, and here it serves to underline Pharaoh's stubbornness and the severity of the Israelites' situation. This phrase also reflects a common tactic of oppressors to blame the oppressed for their own suffering, a theme that resonates throughout history.

then you will not be given any straw
Straw was an essential component in brick-making, which was a primary task for the Israelite slaves. By withholding straw, Pharaoh was increasing their workload and making their task nearly impossible. This decision was a strategic move to break their spirit and force them into submission. Archaeological findings have confirmed the use of straw in ancient Egyptian brick-making, providing historical context to this biblical narrative. The withholding of straw symbolizes the intensification of oppression and the lengths to which Pharaoh would go to maintain control.

Go and get your own straw
This command further illustrates Pharaoh's harshness and the impossible demands placed on the Israelites. It reflects a common practice in oppressive regimes where the burden of production is placed entirely on the laborers without providing the necessary resources. This phrase also highlights the systemic injustice faced by the Israelites, as they were expected to meet quotas without the means to do so. It serves as a reminder of the cruelty of their bondage and the urgent need for divine intervention.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Pharaoh
The ruler of Egypt, representing the oppressive power and authority that resists God's will. His heart is hardened against the Israelites and their God.

2. Moses and Aaron
God's chosen leaders to deliver the Israelites from Egyptian bondage. They are the ones who convey God's command to Pharaoh.

3. Israelites
The people of God who are enslaved in Egypt. They are suffering under harsh labor and are seeking deliverance.

4. Egypt
The land where the Israelites are enslaved. It symbolizes a place of bondage and opposition to God's purposes.

5. Sacrifice to the LORD
The request made by Moses and Aaron to Pharaoh, representing the Israelites' desire to worship and serve God freely.

Teaching Points

The Nature of Oppression
Pharaoh's accusation of laziness highlights how oppressors often dismiss legitimate spiritual needs and demands for freedom. Believers should be aware of how worldly systems can resist God's purposes.

The Cost of Obedience
Moses and Aaron's persistence in the face of Pharaoh's accusations teaches us the importance of steadfastness in obeying God's commands, even when faced with opposition.

Spiritual Warfare
Pharaoh's resistance is a reminder of the spiritual battle believers face. Just as Pharaoh resisted God's will, we must be prepared for spiritual resistance in our own lives.

The Importance of Worship
The request to sacrifice to the LORD underscores the centrality of worship in the life of God's people. Worship is not just a ritual but a declaration of allegiance to God.

Trust in God's Deliverance
Despite Pharaoh's harsh response, the account encourages believers to trust in God's ultimate plan for deliverance and freedom.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does Pharaoh's response in Exodus 5:17 reflect the nature of worldly opposition to God's commands?

2. In what ways can believers today face similar accusations or misunderstandings when prioritizing their faith?

3. How does the request to "sacrifice to the LORD" in Exodus 5:17 relate to the broader theme of worship in the Bible?

4. What can we learn from Moses and Aaron's persistence in their mission, and how can we apply this to our own spiritual journeys?

5. How does the hardening of Pharaoh's heart serve as a warning for us in our relationship with God, as seen in other scriptures like Hebrews 3:7-19?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Exodus 3:18
God instructs Moses to ask Pharaoh to let the Israelites go to worship Him, showing the divine origin of the request.

Exodus 7:14-16
Pharaoh's continued hardening of heart and refusal to let the Israelites go, leading to the plagues.

Hebrews 3:7-19
The hardening of hearts as a warning to believers, drawing a parallel to Pharaoh's resistance to God's command.