Exodus 27:1

"You are to build an altar of acacia wood. The altar must be square, five cubits long, five cubits wide, and three cubits high.

Study Bible

You are to construct
This phrase indicates a divine command given to Moses, emphasizing the importance of obedience to God's instructions. The Hebrew root for "construct" is "עָשָׂה" (asah), which means to make or do. This reflects the active role the Israelites were to take in their worship, symbolizing their participation in God's covenant. The construction of the altar was not merely a physical task but a spiritual act of devotion and obedience.

the altar
The altar, or "מִזְבֵּחַ" (mizbeach) in Hebrew, was central to Israelite worship. It served as the place where sacrifices were offered to God, symbolizing atonement and communion with the Divine. Historically, altars were common in ancient Near Eastern cultures, but the Israelite altar was unique in its purpose and design, reflecting the holiness and distinctiveness of Yahweh worship.

of acacia wood
Acacia wood, known for its durability and resistance to decay, was chosen for its practical qualities and symbolic significance. The Hebrew word "שִׁטָּה" (shittah) refers to a tree native to the Sinai region, linking the altar to the wilderness journey of the Israelites. The use of acacia wood signifies the enduring nature of God's covenant and the purity required in worship.

five cubits long and five cubits wide
The dimensions of the altar, given in cubits (approximately 18 inches per cubit), highlight the precision and orderliness of God's instructions. The number five often symbolizes grace in biblical numerology, suggesting that the altar was a place where God's grace was manifested through the sacrificial system. The square shape indicates stability and balance, reflecting the perfection of God's design.

the altar is to be square
The square shape of the altar, emphasized in the text, signifies completeness and perfection. In the ancient world, squares were often associated with the earth and the material realm, suggesting that the altar was a meeting point between heaven and earth. This design underscores the idea that worship is holistic, involving both the physical and spiritual aspects of life.

and three cubits high
The height of the altar, three cubits, is significant in its symbolism. The number three often represents divine completeness and the Trinity in Christian theology. This height ensured that the altar was elevated, signifying the exaltation of God and the lifting up of sacrifices to Him. It also made the altar visible to the congregation, serving as a constant reminder of God's presence and the need for atonement.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Moses
The leader of the Israelites, who received the instructions for building the Tabernacle and its furnishings, including the altar, directly from God on Mount Sinai.

2. Israelites
The people of God who were delivered from slavery in Egypt and were journeying to the Promised Land. They were responsible for constructing the Tabernacle and its furnishings according to God's specifications.

3. Tabernacle
The portable dwelling place for the presence of God among His people during their journey through the wilderness. The altar was a key component of the Tabernacle's courtyard.

4. Altar of Burnt Offering
A central piece of the Tabernacle's courtyard where sacrifices were made. It symbolized atonement and reconciliation with God.

5. Acacia Wood
A durable and resistant wood used in the construction of the altar, symbolizing the enduring nature of God's covenant with His people.

Teaching Points

The Importance of Obedience
The detailed instructions for the altar remind us of the importance of following God's commands precisely. Obedience to God is a demonstration of our faith and trust in His wisdom.

Symbolism of Sacrifice
The altar represents the need for atonement and the seriousness of sin. It points to the ultimate sacrifice of Jesus Christ, who fulfilled the requirements of the law.

God's Presence Among His People
The construction of the altar and the Tabernacle signifies God's desire to dwell among His people. It encourages us to seek His presence in our daily lives.

Durability and Strength
The use of acacia wood symbolizes the strength and durability of God's covenant. It reminds us of the unchanging nature of God's promises.

Community and Worship
The communal aspect of building the altar and the Tabernacle highlights the importance of community in worship. It encourages us to participate actively in our faith communities.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the construction of the altar in Exodus 27:1 reflect the character of God, and what does it teach us about His expectations for worship?

2. In what ways does the altar of burnt offering foreshadow the sacrifice of Jesus Christ, and how can this understanding deepen our appreciation for His atonement?

3. Considering the use of acacia wood, what can we learn about the qualities God values in the materials and people He chooses for His purposes?

4. How can the communal effort in building the Tabernacle and its furnishings inspire us to contribute to our local church or faith community?

5. Reflect on the significance of God's presence among the Israelites through the Tabernacle. How can we cultivate an awareness of God's presence in our own lives today?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Leviticus 1:1-17
Describes the procedures for burnt offerings, which were to be made on the altar. This connection highlights the altar's role in the sacrificial system and the atonement for sin.

Hebrews 13:10-12
Discusses the altar in the context of the New Covenant, where Jesus is the ultimate sacrifice. This connection emphasizes the fulfillment of the sacrificial system through Christ.

Exodus 25:10-22
Provides instructions for the Ark of the Covenant, another key component of the Tabernacle, showing the detailed and specific nature of God's instructions for worship.