Exodus 25:20

And the cherubim are to have wings that spread upward, overshadowing the mercy seat. The cherubim are to face each other, looking toward the mercy seat.

Study Bible

The cherubim
The term "cherubim" comes from the Hebrew word "כְּרוּבִים" (keruvim), which is the plural form of "cherub." In the biblical context, cherubim are angelic beings associated with the presence and glory of God. They are often depicted as guardians of sacred spaces, such as the Garden of Eden (Genesis 3:24) and the throne of God (Ezekiel 10). In Exodus 25, the cherubim are crafted as part of the Ark of the Covenant, symbolizing divine protection and the holiness of God's dwelling place among His people.

are to have their wings spread upward
The imagery of wings spread upward signifies a posture of readiness and reverence. In ancient Near Eastern art, winged creatures often symbolize divine presence and protection. The upward spread of the cherubim's wings over the Ark suggests an act of covering and safeguarding the sacred space beneath, emphasizing the holiness and untouchable nature of the mercy seat. This posture also reflects the cherubim's role in exalting and glorifying God, pointing to His majesty and sovereignty.

overshadowing the mercy seat
The "mercy seat," or "כַּפֹּרֶת" (kapporet) in Hebrew, is the cover of the Ark of the Covenant. It is the place where God's presence would manifest, particularly on the Day of Atonement when the high priest would sprinkle the blood of the sacrifice for the atonement of Israel's sins (Leviticus 16:14-15). The cherubim overshadowing the mercy seat symbolize God's throne on earth, where He meets with His people. This imagery foreshadows the ultimate atonement through Christ, who is our mercy seat, providing reconciliation with God.

The cherubim are to face each other
The positioning of the cherubim facing each other signifies unity and harmony in the divine presence. It reflects the relational aspect of God's nature and His desire for communion with humanity. This orientation also suggests a focus on the mercy seat, emphasizing the centrality of God's mercy and grace in His relationship with His people. The cherubim's gaze toward each other can be seen as a representation of the heavenly beings' acknowledgment of God's redemptive plan.

looking toward the mercy seat
The cherubim's gaze toward the mercy seat highlights the focal point of God's covenant with Israel. It underscores the significance of the mercy seat as the place of divine encounter and atonement. This direction of attention serves as a reminder of the importance of seeking God's presence and mercy. In a broader theological context, it points to the ultimate fulfillment of God's redemptive work through Jesus Christ, who invites believers to approach the throne of grace with confidence (Hebrews 4:16).

Persons / Places / Events

1. Cherubim
Angelic beings often associated with the presence of God. In the context of the Ark of the Covenant, they symbolize divine guardianship and the holiness of God.

2. Mercy Seat
The cover of the Ark of the Covenant, representing God's throne on earth and His presence among His people. It is the place where God would meet with Moses and the high priest on the Day of Atonement.

3. Ark of the Covenant
A sacred chest that held the tablets of the Ten Commandments, representing God's covenant with Israel. It was central to Israel's worship and symbolized God's presence and law.

4. Tabernacle
The portable sanctuary where the Ark was housed, serving as the dwelling place of God among the Israelites during their journey through the wilderness.

5. Moses
The leader of the Israelites who received the instructions for building the Tabernacle and the Ark, including the design of the cherubim and the mercy seat.

Teaching Points

God's Holiness and Presence
The design of the cherubim and the mercy seat underscores the holiness of God and His desire to dwell among His people. We are reminded to approach God with reverence and awe.

Symbolism of the Mercy Seat
The mercy seat represents God's throne of grace. In Christ, we find the ultimate mercy seat, where we can approach God with confidence, knowing that our sins are atoned for.

Role of Angels
The cherubim remind us of the role of angels as messengers and protectors in God's divine plan. They serve as a reminder of the spiritual realities that surround us.

Worship and Obedience
The detailed instructions for the construction of the Ark and its components highlight the importance of obedience in worship. God desires that we follow His commands with precision and devotion.

Christ as the Fulfillment
The mercy seat points forward to Jesus Christ, who is our propitiation and the ultimate meeting place between God and humanity. In Him, we find forgiveness and reconciliation.

Bible Study Questions

1. How do the cherubim in Exodus 25:20 reflect the holiness and majesty of God, and how can this understanding influence our worship today?

2. In what ways does the mercy seat serve as a foreshadowing of Christ's work on the cross, and how can this deepen our appreciation for His sacrifice?

3. Considering the role of the cherubim as guardians, how can we be vigilant in guarding our own hearts and lives as sacred spaces for God's presence?

4. How does the concept of God's presence between the cherubim challenge us to seek His presence in our daily lives and decisions?

5. Reflect on the importance of obedience in the construction of the Tabernacle and its furnishings. How can we apply this principle of obedience in our personal walk with God?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Genesis 3:24
The cherubim are first mentioned as guardians of the Garden of Eden, highlighting their role in protecting sacred spaces.

Hebrews 9:5
The New Testament references the cherubim and the mercy seat, emphasizing their significance in the Old Covenant and pointing to Christ as the ultimate fulfillment of the mercy seat.

Psalm 80:1
Describes God as enthroned between the cherubim, reinforcing the idea of His presence and kingship.