Deuteronomy 5:18

You shall not commit adultery.

Study Bible

You shall not
This phrase is a direct command from God, emphasizing the imperative nature of the instruction. In Hebrew, the phrase is "לֹא תִנְאָף" (lo tin'af), where "לֹא" (lo) is a strong negative particle meaning "not," and "תִנְאָף" (tin'af) is the verb form meaning "commit adultery." The use of "shall not" indicates a clear prohibition, reflecting the moral absolutes that God establishes for His people. This command is part of the Decalogue, or Ten Commandments, which are foundational to the covenant relationship between God and Israel. The imperative form underscores the seriousness with which God views the sanctity of marriage and the faithfulness required within it.

commit adultery
The Hebrew word for "commit adultery" is "נָאַף" (na'af), which specifically refers to a sexual relationship where at least one of the parties is married to someone else. In the ancient Near Eastern context, adultery was not only a personal sin but also a social and communal offense that could disrupt family structures and inheritance rights. The command against adultery is rooted in the creation narrative, where marriage is established as a covenantal union between one man and one woman (Genesis 2:24). Adultery violates this sacred bond and is seen as an affront to God's design for human relationships. Historically, the prohibition against adultery served to protect the family unit, which was the cornerstone of Israelite society. In a broader scriptural context, adultery is often used metaphorically to describe Israel's unfaithfulness to God, highlighting the spiritual implications of this command. The call to fidelity in marriage reflects the faithfulness that God desires in His relationship with His people, serving as a reminder of the covenantal love and commitment that should characterize both human and divine relationships.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Moses
The prophet and leader of the Israelites who received the Ten Commandments from God on Mount Sinai. He is the one delivering these commandments to the people.

2. Israelites
The chosen people of God, who were delivered from slavery in Egypt and are now receiving God's laws to guide their new life in the Promised Land.

3. Mount Sinai
The mountain where God gave Moses the Ten Commandments, including the commandment against adultery.

4. Canaan
The land promised to the Israelites, where they are to live according to God's laws, including maintaining purity in marriage.

5. God
The divine lawgiver who establishes the moral and ethical standards for His people, emphasizing the sanctity of marriage.

Teaching Points

The Sanctity of Marriage
Marriage is a sacred covenant established by God. Adultery violates this covenant and disrupts the divine order.

Purity of Heart
Jesus teaches that adultery begins in the heart. Believers are called to guard their thoughts and desires, striving for purity in both mind and action.

Community Impact
Adultery not only affects the individuals involved but also has broader implications for families and communities. Upholding this commandment strengthens societal bonds.

Spiritual Fidelity
Just as physical adultery is a breach of trust, spiritual adultery—turning away from God to other 'gods' or idols—compromises our relationship with Him.

Repentance and Restoration
For those who have fallen into adultery, the Bible offers hope through repentance and the possibility of restoration and forgiveness through Christ.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does understanding the cultural and historical context of the Israelites enhance our comprehension of the commandment against adultery?

2. In what ways does Jesus' teaching in Matthew 5:27-28 deepen our understanding of this commandment?

3. How can believers today guard their hearts and minds against the temptation of adultery in a society that often normalizes it?

4. What are some practical steps that married couples can take to protect and nurture their relationship in light of this commandment?

5. How does the concept of spiritual adultery challenge us to examine our relationship with God and our faithfulness to Him?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Exodus 20:14
This verse is a parallel to Deuteronomy 5:18, as it is part of the original giving of the Ten Commandments.

Matthew 5:27-28
Jesus expands on the commandment against adultery, teaching that even lustful thoughts are equivalent to committing adultery in one's heart.

1 Corinthians 6:18-20
Paul emphasizes the importance of fleeing from sexual immorality, highlighting that our bodies are temples of the Holy Spirit.

Hebrews 13:4
This verse underscores the honor of marriage and the need to keep the marriage bed pure, warning against God's judgment on the sexually immoral.