Deuteronomy 31:2

he said to them, "I am now a hundred and twenty years old; I am no longer able to come and go, and the LORD has said to me, 'You shall not cross the Jordan.'

Study Bible

I am now a hundred and twenty years old
This phrase marks a significant milestone in Moses' life, emphasizing the longevity and the fullness of his years. In the Hebrew context, reaching such an age was seen as a sign of divine favor and blessing. Moses' life can be divided into three distinct forty-year periods: his time in Egypt, his years in Midian, and his leadership of Israel. Each phase was marked by preparation, growth, and fulfillment of God's purposes. The number 120 is symbolic, representing a complete and divinely ordained lifespan, as seen in Genesis 6:3, where God limits human life to 120 years.

I am no longer able to come and go
This phrase indicates a transition in leadership and a recognition of human limitations. The Hebrew words used here suggest the physical inability to lead the people as he once did. It reflects Moses' humility and acceptance of God's plan, acknowledging that his role is coming to an end. This transition is crucial for the Israelites as they prepare to enter the Promised Land under Joshua's leadership. It serves as a reminder that God's work continues beyond any single individual, and His plans are not hindered by human frailty.

The LORD has said to me
This phrase underscores the direct communication between God and Moses, highlighting Moses' unique role as a prophet and leader. The Hebrew term for "said" (אָמַר, 'amar) implies a definitive and authoritative statement from God. It reflects the intimate relationship Moses had with God, characterized by obedience and trust. This divine communication reassures the Israelites that the transition in leadership is ordained by God and part of His sovereign plan.

You shall not cross the Jordan
This phrase is a poignant reminder of the consequences of disobedience, as Moses was prohibited from entering the Promised Land due to his actions at Meribah (Numbers 20:12). The Jordan River symbolizes a boundary between the wilderness and the fulfillment of God's promises. Moses' inability to cross serves as a lesson in faithfulness and obedience, emphasizing that even great leaders are accountable to God's commands. It also highlights the importance of passing the baton to the next generation, as Joshua is chosen to lead the people into the land. This transition signifies hope and the continuation of God's covenant promises to Israel.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Moses
The central figure in this verse, Moses is the leader of the Israelites who has guided them out of Egypt and through the wilderness. At this point, he is 120 years old and acknowledges his limitations.

2. The LORD (Yahweh)
The covenant God of Israel who has guided Moses and the Israelites. He has decreed that Moses will not enter the Promised Land.

3. The Jordan River
A significant geographical boundary that the Israelites must cross to enter the Promised Land. It symbolizes the transition from the wilderness to the fulfillment of God's promise.

4. The Promised Land
The land of Canaan, promised by God to Abraham and his descendants. It represents the fulfillment of God's covenant promises.

5. Israelites
The people of God, whom Moses has led for 40 years. They are on the brink of entering the Promised Land.

Teaching Points

Acknowledging Human Limitations
Moses' admission of his age and inability to lead further is a reminder of the importance of recognizing our human limitations and relying on God's strength.

Obedience to God's Will
Despite his desire to enter the Promised Land, Moses submits to God's will, teaching us the importance of obedience even when it means personal sacrifice.

Leadership Transition
Moses' preparation for Joshua to lead the Israelites highlights the importance of preparing and empowering the next generation of leaders.

Faith in God's Promises
Moses' life exemplifies faith in God's promises, even when he does not see their fulfillment in his lifetime, encouraging us to trust in God's timing and plan.

Legacy of Faith
Moses' legacy is not diminished by his inability to enter the Promised Land; rather, it is defined by his faithfulness and obedience, reminding us that our legacy is built on faithfulness to God.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does Moses' acknowledgment of his age and limitations challenge us to consider our own limitations and reliance on God?

2. In what ways can we demonstrate obedience to God's will, even when it conflicts with our personal desires?

3. How can we prepare and empower the next generation of leaders in our communities and churches, as Moses did with Joshua?

4. What are some promises of God that we are called to trust in, even if we do not see their fulfillment in our lifetime?

5. How can we build a legacy of faithfulness like Moses, focusing on obedience and trust in God rather than personal achievements?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Numbers 20:12
This passage explains why Moses is not allowed to enter the Promised Land, due to his disobedience at the waters of Meribah.

Joshua 1:1-2
After Moses' death, Joshua is commissioned to lead the Israelites across the Jordan, showing the continuation of God's plan.

Psalm 90:10
Reflects on the brevity of life, which is relevant to Moses' acknowledgment of his age and limitations.

Hebrews 11:24-29
Highlights Moses' faith and leadership, despite not entering the Promised Land, emphasizing his eternal perspective.