◄ Deuteronomy 23:2 ►
No one of illegitimate birth may enter the assembly of the LORD, nor may any of his descendants, even to the tenth generation.
Study Bible
No one of illegitimate birth
The Hebrew term used here is "mamzer," which traditionally refers to a child born out of forbidden relationships, such as adultery or incest. In ancient Israelite society, lineage and purity of family lines were of utmost importance, reflecting the covenantal relationship between God and His people. This phrase underscores the significance of maintaining holiness and order within the community, as the Israelites were called to be a distinct and set-apart nation.

may enter the assembly of the LORD
The "assembly of the LORD" refers to the congregation of Israel, particularly in the context of worship and communal decision-making. This exclusion from the assembly highlights the importance of communal purity and the need to uphold the sanctity of the worship space. It serves as a reminder of the holiness required to approach God and participate in His covenant community.

even to the tenth generation
The phrase "to the tenth generation" is a hyperbolic expression used in Hebrew to signify a long-lasting or permanent exclusion. It emphasizes the seriousness of the prohibition and the enduring nature of the consequences of sin. This serves as a sobering reminder of the long-term impact of actions and the importance of maintaining faithfulness to God's commands.

none of his descendants
This phrase extends the prohibition beyond the individual to their lineage, underscoring the communal and generational impact of sin. It reflects the biblical principle that the consequences of sin can affect future generations, highlighting the need for repentance and restoration within the community.

may enter the assembly of the LORD
Reiterating the earlier phrase, this repetition emphasizes the gravity of the exclusion and the importance of maintaining the integrity of the worshiping community. It serves as a call to uphold the standards of holiness and purity that God requires of His people, reminding believers of the privilege and responsibility of being part of His covenant community.

Persons / Places / Events
1. Moses
The author of Deuteronomy, who delivered God's laws to the Israelites.

2. Israelites
The chosen people of God, to whom the laws were given.

3. The Assembly of the LORD
Refers to the congregation or community of Israel, particularly in a religious or worship context.

4. Illegitimate Birth
Refers to those born outside of lawful marriage, which in the context of ancient Israel, had significant social and religious implications.

5. Tenth Generation
A symbolic expression indicating a long-lasting exclusion, emphasizing the seriousness of the command.
Teaching Points
Understanding the Context
Recognize the historical and cultural context of ancient Israel, where lineage and purity were crucial for maintaining the covenant community.

The Holiness of God
This law underscores the holiness of God and the need for purity among His people. It serves as a reminder of the seriousness of sin and the need for a holy community.

Grace and Redemption
While the Old Testament law excluded certain individuals, the New Testament reveals God's grace through Jesus Christ, who offers redemption and inclusion to all, regardless of background.

Spiritual Rebirth
Emphasize the importance of spiritual rebirth in Christ, which transcends any earthly status or condition of birth, making us part of God's family.

Community and Inclusion
Encourage believers to reflect on how they can create inclusive communities that reflect the grace and love of Christ, welcoming all who seek Him.
Bible Study Questions
1. How does understanding the cultural and historical context of Deuteronomy 23:2 help us interpret its meaning for the Israelites?

2. In what ways does the New Testament teaching on spiritual rebirth and inclusion challenge or complement the Old Testament law in Deuteronomy 23:2?

3. How can we apply the principle of holiness in our lives today, considering the call to be set apart for God?

4. What are some practical ways we can ensure our church communities are welcoming and inclusive, reflecting the grace of God?

5. How does the genealogy of Jesus, which includes individuals like Ruth, demonstrate God's plan for redemption and inclusion?
Connections to Other Scriptures
Leviticus 21:17-23
Discusses the requirements for priests and those who can approach the sanctuary, highlighting the importance of purity and holiness in worship.

Hebrews 12:14
Encourages believers to pursue holiness, without which no one will see the Lord, connecting the Old Testament emphasis on purity with New Testament teachings.

Galatians 3:28
Speaks to the inclusivity of the Gospel, where distinctions such as birth status are transcended in Christ.

Ruth 4:18-22
The genealogy of David, which includes Ruth, a Moabite, showing God's grace and the eventual inclusion of Gentiles.

John 1:12-13
Emphasizes spiritual rebirth and becoming children of God, not by natural descent but through faith in Christ.
Sermons
Loss of Sacred Privilege a Grievous PenaltyD. Davies Deuteronomy 23:1-6
The Congregation of the Lord Jealously GuardedR.M. Edgar Deuteronomy 23:1-8
The Excluded from the CongregationJ. Orr Deuteronomy 23:1-8
People
Aram, Balaam, Beor, Moses
Places
Beth-baal-peor, Egypt, Mesopotamia, Pethor
Topics
Assembly, Bastard, Birth, Congregation, Descendants, Enter, Family, Forbidden, Generation, Illegitimate, Lord's, Marriage, Married, Meeting, None, Tenth
Dictionary of Bible Themes
Deuteronomy 23:1-8

     7209   congregation

Deuteronomy 23:2-3

     5694   generation

Library
Appendix v. Rabbinic Theology and Literature
1. The Traditional Law. - The brief account given in vol. i. p. 100, of the character and authority claimed for the traditional law may here be supplemented by a chronological arrangement of the Halakhoth in the order of their supposed introduction or promulgation. In the first class, or Halakhoth of Moses from Sinai,' tradition enumerates fifty-five, [6370] which may be thus designated: religio-agrarian, four; [6371] ritual, including questions about clean and unclean,' twenty-three; [6372] concerning …
Alfred Edersheim—The Life and Times of Jesus the Messiah

That the Employing Of, and Associating with the Malignant Party, According as is Contained in the Public Resolutions, is Sinful and Unlawful.
That The Employing Of, And Associating With The Malignant Party, According As Is Contained In The Public Resolutions, Is Sinful And Unlawful. If there be in the land a malignant party of power and policy, and the exceptions contained in the Act of Levy do comprehend but few of that party, then there need be no more difficulty to prove, that the present public resolutions and proceedings do import an association and conjunction with a malignant party, than to gather a conclusion from clear premises. …
Hugh Binning—The Works of the Rev. Hugh Binning

Here Then Shall These Persons in their Turn be in Another More Sublime Degree...
28. Here then shall these persons in their turn be in another more sublime degree of righteousness outdone, by them who shall so order themselves, that every day they shall betake them into the fields as unto pasture, and at what time they shall find it, pick up their meal, and having allayed their hunger, return. But plainly, on account of the keepers of the fields, how good were it, if the Lord should deign to bestow wings also, that the servants of God being found in other men's fields should …
St. Augustine—Of the Work of Monks.

Lessons for Worship and for Work
'Keep thy foot when thou goest to the house of God, and be more ready to hear, than to give the sacrifice of fools: for they consider not that they do evil. 2. Be not rash with thy mouth, and let not thine heart be hasty to utter anything before God: for God is in heaven, and thou upon earth; therefore let thy words be few. 3. For a dream cometh through the multitude of business; and a fool's voice is known by multitude of words. 4. When thou vowest a vow unto God, defer not to pay it; for He hath …
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture

Introductory Note to the Works of Origen.
[a.d. 185-230-254.] The reader will remember the rise and rapid development of the great Alexandrian school, and the predominance which was imparted to it by the genius of the illustrious Clement. [1865] But in Origen, his pupil, who succeeded him at the surprising age of eighteen, a new sun was to rise upon its noontide. Truly was Alexandria "the mother and mistress of churches" in the benign sense of a nurse and instructress of Christendom, not its arrogant and usurping imperatrix. The full details …
Origen—Origen De Principiis

Excursus on Usury.
The famous canonist Van Espen defines usury thus: "Usura definitur lucrum ex mutuo exactum aut speratum;" [96] and then goes on to defend the proposition that, "Usury is forbidden by natural, by divine, and by human law. The first is proved thus. Natural law, as far as its first principles are concerned, is contained in the decalogue; but usury is prohibited in the decalogue, inasmuch as theft is prohibited; and this is the opinion of the Master of the Sentences, of St. Bonaventura, of St. Thomas …
Philip Schaff—The Seven Ecumenical Councils

Jesus Defends Disciples who Pluck Grain on the Sabbath.
(Probably While on the Way from Jerusalem to Galilee.) ^A Matt. XII. 1-8; ^B Mark II. 23-28; ^C Luke VI. 1-5. ^b 23 And ^c 1 Now it came to pass ^a 1 At that season ^b that he ^a Jesus went { ^b was going} on the { ^c a} ^b sabbath day through the grainfields; ^a and his disciples were hungry and began ^b as they went, to pluck the ears. ^a and to eat, ^c and his disciples plucked the ears, and did eat, rubbing them in their hands. [This lesson fits in chronological order with the last, if the Bethesda …
J. W. McGarvey—The Four-Fold Gospel

That it is not Lawful for the Well Affected Subjects to Concur in Such an Engagement in War, and Associate with the Malignant Party.
That It Is Not Lawful For The Well Affected Subjects To Concur In Such An Engagement In War, And Associate With The Malignant Party. Some convinced of the unlawfulness of the public resolutions and proceedings, in reference to the employing of the malignant party, yet do not find such clearness and satisfaction in their own consciences as to forbid the subjects to concur in this war, and associate with the army so constituted. Therefore it is needful to speak something to this point, That it is …
Hugh Binning—The Works of the Rev. Hugh Binning

Canaan
Canaan was the inheritance which the Israelites won for themselves by the sword. Their ancestors had already settled in it in patriarchal days. Abraham "the Hebrew" from Babylonia had bought in it a burying-place near Hebron; Jacob had purchased a field near Shechem, where he could water his flocks from his own spring. It was the "Promised Land" to which the serfs of the Pharaoh in Goshen looked forward when they should again become free men and find a new home for themselves. Canaan had ever been …
Archibald Sayce—Early Israel and the Surrounding Nations

Brief Directions How to Read the Holy Scriptures once Every Year Over, with Ease, Profit, and Reverence.
But forasmuch, that as faith is the soul, so reading and meditating on the word of God, are the parent's of prayer, therefore, before thou prayest in the morning, first read a chapter in the word of God; then meditate awhile with thyself, how many excellent things thou canst remember out of it. As--First, what good counsels or exhortations to good works and to holy life. Secondly, what threatenings of judgments against such and such a sin; and what fearful examples of God's punishment or vengeance …
Lewis Bayly—The Practice of Piety

Commerce
The remarkable change which we have noticed in the views of Jewish authorities, from contempt to almost affectation of manual labour, could certainly not have been arbitrary. But as we fail to discover here any religious motive, we can only account for it on the score of altered political and social circumstances. So long as the people were, at least nominally, independent, and in possession of their own land, constant engagement in a trade would probably mark an inferior social stage, and imply …
Alfred Edersheim—Sketches of Jewish Social Life

Nature of Covenanting.
A covenant is a mutual voluntary compact between two parties on given terms or conditions. It may be made between superiors and inferiors, or between equals. The sentiment that a covenant can be made only between parties respectively independent of one another is inconsistent with the testimony of Scripture. Parties to covenants in a great variety of relative circumstances, are there introduced. There, covenant relations among men are represented as obtaining not merely between nation and nation, …
John Cunningham—The Ordinance of Covenanting

Scriptures Showing the Sin and Danger of Joining with Wicked and Ungodly Men.
Scriptures Showing The Sin And Danger Of Joining With Wicked And Ungodly Men. When the Lord is punishing such a people against whom he hath a controversy, and a notable controversy, every one that is found shall be thrust through: and every one joined with them shall fall, Isa. xiii. 15. They partake in their judgment, not only because in a common calamity all shares, (as in Ezek. xxi. 3.) but chiefly because joined with and partakers with these whom God is pursuing; even as the strangers that join …
Hugh Binning—The Works of the Rev. Hugh Binning

Appeal to the Christian Women of the South
BY A.E. GRIMKE. "Then Mordecai commanded to answer Esther, Think not within thyself that thou shalt escape in the king's house more than all the Jews. For if thou altogether holdest thy peace at this time, then shall there enlargement and deliverance arise to the Jews from another place: but thou and thy father's house shall be destroyed: and who knoweth whether thou art come to the kingdom for such a time as this. And Esther bade them return Mordecai this answer:--and so will I go in unto the king, …
Angelina Emily Grimke—An Appeal to the Christian Women of the South

The Tenth Commandment
Thou shalt not covet thy neighbour's house, thou shalt not covet thy neighbour's wife, nor his man-servant, nor his maid-servant, nor his ox, nor his ass, nor any thing that is thy neighbour's.' Exod 20: 17. THIS commandment forbids covetousness in general, Thou shalt not covet;' and in particular, Thy neighbour's house, thy neighbour's wife, &c. I. It forbids covetousness in general. Thou shalt not covet.' It is lawful to use the world, yea, and to desire so much of it as may keep us from the temptation …
Thomas Watson—The Ten Commandments

Deuteronomy
Owing to the comparatively loose nature of the connection between consecutive passages in the legislative section, it is difficult to present an adequate summary of the book of Deuteronomy. In the first section, i.-iv. 40, Moses, after reviewing the recent history of the people, and showing how it reveals Jehovah's love for Israel, earnestly urges upon them the duty of keeping His laws, reminding them of His spirituality and absoluteness. Then follows the appointment, iv. 41-43--here irrelevant (cf. …
John Edgar McFadyen—Introduction to the Old Testament

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