Acts 11:2

So when Peter went up to Jerusalem, the circumcised believers took issue with him

Study Bible

So when Peter went up to Jerusalem
The phrase "went up to Jerusalem" is significant both geographically and spiritually. Jerusalem, situated on a hill, was a central place of worship and authority in Jewish life. The Greek word "anabainō" (ἀναβαίνω) is used here, meaning to ascend or go up, which not only describes the physical journey but also implies a return to a place of spiritual significance. Peter's journey to Jerusalem symbolizes a return to the heart of the early Christian community, where pivotal decisions and discussions took place. Historically, Jerusalem was the epicenter of Jewish religious life, and for the early Christians, it was also the birthplace of the Church at Pentecost.

the circumcised believers
This phrase refers to Jewish Christians who adhered to the traditional Jewish practice of circumcision. The Greek term "peritomē" (περιτομή) is used, which directly translates to circumcision, a sign of the covenant between God and Abraham's descendants. In the early Church, there was a significant tension between Jewish Christians and Gentile converts regarding the necessity of following Jewish law. The "circumcised believers" were those who believed that adherence to the Mosaic Law, including circumcision, was essential for salvation. This group often struggled with the inclusion of Gentiles who did not follow these customs, reflecting the broader cultural and religious challenges faced by the early Church.

criticized him
The Greek word "diakrinō" (διακρίνω) is used here, meaning to judge or dispute. This criticism was not merely a casual disagreement but a serious contention regarding Peter's actions. The early Church was grappling with the radical inclusivity of the Gospel message, which extended beyond Jewish boundaries to include Gentiles. Peter's actions in associating with Gentiles, as described earlier in Acts 10, challenged the traditional Jewish customs and prompted a critical response from the Jewish Christians. This criticism highlights the growing pains of the early Church as it sought to understand and live out the implications of the Gospel in a diverse and multicultural world. The tension between maintaining Jewish identity and embracing a new, inclusive faith was a significant issue that the early Church had to navigate, as seen in this verse.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Peter
One of Jesus' original twelve apostles, Peter is a central figure in the early church. In this passage, he is returning to Jerusalem after a significant event involving Gentiles.

2. Jerusalem
The spiritual and administrative center of the early Christian church. It is where the apostles and early believers gathered and where significant decisions were made.

3. Circumcised Believers
Jewish Christians who adhered to the Jewish law, including circumcision. They were concerned about maintaining Jewish traditions within the new Christian faith.

4. The Issue
The circumcised believers were concerned about Peter's interaction with Gentiles, specifically his decision to eat with them, which was against Jewish customs.

5. The Event
This passage follows Peter's vision and his subsequent visit to Cornelius, a Gentile, which marked a pivotal moment in the early church's mission to the Gentiles.

Teaching Points

Understanding Cultural Tensions
The early church faced significant cultural tensions as it expanded beyond Jewish boundaries. This passage highlights the need for understanding and addressing cultural differences within the church.

The Role of Tradition
While traditions can be valuable, they should not hinder the work of the Holy Spirit or the spread of the Gospel. Believers must discern when traditions align with or obstruct God's purposes.

Unity in Diversity
The church is called to be a diverse body united in Christ. This requires humility, openness, and a willingness to embrace those who are different from us.

Obedience to God's Leading
Peter's actions were guided by a vision from God. Believers should seek to be sensitive to the Holy Spirit's leading, even when it challenges established norms.

Grace Over Law
The early church's struggle with the law versus grace is a reminder that salvation is through faith in Christ alone, not adherence to the law.

Bible Study Questions

1. How did Peter's vision and subsequent actions challenge the existing cultural and religious norms of the early church?

2. In what ways can modern believers discern when traditions are helpful or when they hinder the work of the Gospel?

3. How can the church today foster unity among diverse cultural and ethnic groups within its community?

4. What are some practical steps believers can take to ensure they are following the Holy Spirit's leading in their lives?

5. How does the tension between law and grace in the early church inform our understanding of salvation and Christian living today?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Acts 10
Provides the background to this passage, detailing Peter's vision and his encounter with Cornelius, which led to the outpouring of the Holy Spirit on the Gentiles.

Galatians 2
Paul discusses a similar issue of Jewish Christians imposing Jewish customs on Gentile believers, highlighting the tension between law and grace.

Ephesians 2
Paul speaks about the unity of Jews and Gentiles in Christ, breaking down the "dividing wall of hostility."