2 Kings 13:3

So the anger of the LORD burned against Israel, and He delivered them continually into the hands of Hazael king of Aram and his son Ben-hadad.

Study Bible

So the anger of the LORD burned
The phrase "anger of the LORD" in Hebrew is "אַף יְהוָה" (aph YHWH), where "aph" often denotes not just anger but a flaring of the nostrils, a vivid image of divine displeasure. This anthropomorphic expression underscores God's personal and passionate response to Israel's covenant unfaithfulness. The "burning" of His anger suggests a consuming fire, a common biblical metaphor for God's holiness and justice. This divine anger is not capricious but is a righteous response to Israel's persistent idolatry and rebellion.

against Israel
"Israel" here refers to the Northern Kingdom, which had separated from Judah after Solomon's reign. Historically, this period was marked by political instability and spiritual decline, as the kings of Israel led the people into idolatry, particularly the worship of Baal. Theologically, Israel's identity as God's chosen people makes their rebellion particularly grievous, as they were called to be a light to the nations but instead followed the practices of the surrounding pagan cultures.

and He delivered them
The Hebrew verb "נָתַן" (natan) means "to give" or "to deliver." This action is not merely passive but indicates God's sovereign control over the nations. It reflects the covenantal principle that obedience brings blessing, while disobedience results in discipline. God's "delivering" Israel into the hands of their enemies is a form of divine judgment intended to bring them to repentance.

into the hands of Hazael king of Aram
Hazael was a historical figure, a king of Aram (modern-day Syria), who reigned from approximately 842 to 800 BC. Archaeological evidence, such as the Tel Dan Stele, corroborates his existence and military campaigns. Hazael's oppression of Israel is a fulfillment of Elisha's prophecy (2 Kings 8:12-13) and serves as a tool of God's discipline. This historical context highlights the reality of God's sovereignty over international affairs.

and into the hands of Ben-hadad son of Hazael
Ben-hadad, following his father Hazael, continued the oppression of Israel. The name "Ben-hadad" was a dynastic title used by several Aramean kings, meaning "son of Hadad," the storm god. This detail emphasizes the continuity of Israel's suffering under foreign powers due to their unfaithfulness. It also serves as a reminder of the futility of trusting in political alliances or military strength rather than in God.

for a long time
The phrase "for a long time" indicates the duration and severity of Israel's subjugation. This extended period of suffering is a testament to the consequences of persistent sin and the patience of God, who desires repentance rather than destruction. It also foreshadows the eventual deliverance that comes when Israel turns back to the LORD, illustrating the biblical theme of redemption and restoration.

Persons / Places / Events

1. The LORD
The God of Israel, whose anger is kindled against His people due to their disobedience and idolatry.

2. Israel
The Northern Kingdom, which is experiencing God's judgment because of their continued sin and rebellion.

3. Hazael
The king of Aram (Syria), who becomes an instrument of God's judgment against Israel.

4. Ben-hadad
The son of Hazael, who continues his father's role in oppressing Israel.

5. Aram (Syria)
The nation used by God to discipline Israel, highlighting the geopolitical dynamics of the time.

Teaching Points

God's Righteous Anger
God's anger is not arbitrary but is a response to sin and rebellion. Understanding His holiness helps us grasp the seriousness of sin.

Divine Discipline
God uses various means, including other nations, to discipline His people. This discipline is meant to bring about repentance and restoration.

The Consequences of Idolatry
Israel's suffering under foreign oppression is a direct result of their idolatry, reminding us of the dangers of placing anything above God.

God's Sovereignty in Judgment
Even in judgment, God is sovereign, using nations and leaders to accomplish His purposes. This reassures us of His control over world events.

Hope for Repentance
Despite the severity of judgment, God's ultimate desire is for His people to return to Him, offering hope for restoration.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the anger of the LORD in 2 Kings 13:3 reflect His character as described in other parts of the Bible?

2. In what ways can we see the principle of divine discipline in our own lives, and how should we respond to it?

3. How does the oppression of Israel by Hazael and Ben-hadad serve as a warning against idolatry in our modern context?

4. What does the use of foreign nations as instruments of God's judgment teach us about His sovereignty over world affairs?

5. How can we find hope and encouragement in the midst of God's discipline, both personally and as a community of believers?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Deuteronomy 28
This chapter outlines the blessings for obedience and curses for disobedience, providing a backdrop for understanding why Israel faces judgment.

Judges 2
Similar cycles of sin, oppression, repentance, and deliverance are seen in the history of Israel, illustrating God's consistent response to His people's actions.

2 Kings 8
The rise of Hazael as king of Aram is detailed, showing the fulfillment of God's word through the prophet Elisha.

Psalm 106
This psalm recounts Israel's repeated rebellion and God's mercy, offering a broader theological context for understanding 2 Kings 13:3.

Hebrews 12
Discusses God's discipline as a sign of His love, providing a New Testament perspective on divine correction.