1 Samuel 8:15

He will take a tenth of your grain and grape harvest and give it to his officials and servants.

Study Bible

He will take a tenth
The phrase "He will take a tenth" refers to the practice of tithing, which was a common requirement in ancient Israel. The Hebrew word for "tenth" is "ma'aser," which traditionally refers to the portion of one's produce or income given to God. However, in this context, it is not a voluntary offering to God but a compulsory tax imposed by a king. This reflects a shift from the theocratic leadership under judges to a monarchical system, where the king has the authority to levy taxes. Theologically, this serves as a warning about the potential burdens of human governance compared to divine rule.

of your grain and grape harvest
The "grain and grape harvest" represents the basic sustenance and economic resources of the Israelites. Grain and grapes were staples in the diet and economy of ancient Israel, symbolizing both daily provision and prosperity. The Hebrew words "dagan" (grain) and "tirosh" (new wine or grape harvest) indicate the fruits of the land that God had promised to His people. The taking of these resources by a king underscores the loss of personal freedom and the encroachment on God's provision, as the king would now have control over what was once directly given by God.

and give it to his officials and servants
This phrase highlights the redistribution of resources from the common people to the ruling class. The Hebrew word for "officials" is "sarim," which can mean princes, leaders, or commanders, while "servants" is "avadim," referring to those who serve the king. This redistribution indicates the establishment of a bureaucratic system that supports the king's administration. Historically, this reflects the centralization of power and the creation of a governmental structure that requires resources to maintain. Spiritually, it serves as a caution against the allure of human leadership that can lead to exploitation and inequality, contrasting with God's just and equitable rule.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Samuel
The last judge of Israel, who served as a prophet and leader. He was instrumental in transitioning Israel from a theocracy to a monarchy.

2. Israelites
The people of Israel who demanded a king to rule over them, desiring to be like other nations.

3. King
The future monarch that the Israelites requested, which would lead to the anointing of Saul as the first king of Israel.

4. Officials and Servants
The individuals who would benefit from the king's rule, receiving portions of the people's produce and wealth.

5. Tithing
The practice of giving a tenth, which in this context, is taken by the king for his own purposes, contrasting with the tithe given to God.

Teaching Points

Understanding Authority
Recognize the implications of earthly authority and the potential for misuse of power, as seen in the king's taking of resources.

God's Sovereignty vs. Human Leadership
Reflect on the Israelites' desire for a king and how it reflects a shift from reliance on God's direct rule to human governance.

Stewardship and Giving
Consider the biblical principle of tithing and how it is meant to honor God, contrasting with the king's appropriation for personal gain.

Consequences of Choices
Acknowledge the long-term effects of the Israelites' choice to have a king, leading to both positive and negative outcomes in their history.

Trust in God's Provision
Encourage reliance on God's provision rather than human systems, understanding that God is the ultimate provider and sustainer.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the request for a king in 1 Samuel 8 reflect the Israelites' relationship with God at that time?

2. In what ways does the concept of tithing in 1 Samuel 8:15 differ from the biblical principle of giving to God?

3. How can we apply the lessons from Samuel's warning about kingship to our understanding of modern leadership and authority?

4. What are the potential dangers of prioritizing human leadership over divine guidance, as seen in the Israelites' demand for a king?

5. How can we ensure that our stewardship of resources aligns with God's intentions, rather than being influenced by worldly systems?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Deuteronomy 17:14-20
This passage outlines God's guidelines for a king in Israel, emphasizing the king's role and limitations, contrasting with the warnings given by Samuel.

1 Samuel 8:10-18
Samuel's warning to the Israelites about the consequences of having a king, including the taking of their resources and labor.

Malachi 3:8-10
Discusses the concept of tithing to God, contrasting with the king's taking of a tenth for his own use.

Matthew 22:21
Jesus' teaching on giving to Caesar what is Caesar's and to God what is God's, highlighting the distinction between earthly and divine obligations.