1 Samuel 26:1

Then the Ziphites came to Saul at Gibeah and said, "Is not David hiding on the hill of Hachilah, opposite Jeshimon?"

Study Bible

Then the Ziphites
The Ziphites were inhabitants of the region of Ziph, located in the Judean wilderness. Historically, this area was known for its rugged terrain and caves, making it a suitable hiding place for fugitives like David. The Ziphites had previously betrayed David to Saul in 1 Samuel 23, indicating their loyalty to Saul over David. This act of betrayal highlights the political tensions and shifting allegiances during this period of Israel's history.

came to Saul
Saul, the first king of Israel, was anointed by the prophet Samuel. His reign was marked by initial success but later characterized by disobedience to God and a growing obsession with eliminating David, whom he saw as a threat to his throne. The Ziphites' approach to Saul demonstrates their willingness to align with the reigning king, perhaps seeking favor or protection.

at Gibeah
Gibeah was Saul's hometown and the location of his royal residence. It served as the administrative and military center during his reign. Archaeological findings suggest that Gibeah was a fortified city, which would have been a strategic location for Saul to receive intelligence and plan military actions.

saying, 'Is not David hiding
David, the future king of Israel, was anointed by Samuel but was not yet recognized as king by the people. His time in hiding was a period of testing and preparation, where he learned to rely on God's protection and guidance. The Ziphites' question implies a certainty about David's location, suggesting they had either seen him or had reliable information.

on the hill of Hachilah
The hill of Hachilah is a specific geographical location in the wilderness of Ziph. Its mention indicates the detailed knowledge the Ziphites had of the area and their intent to provide precise information to Saul. This location was significant as it provided natural fortifications and a vantage point for David and his men.

opposite Jeshimon
Jeshimon refers to a desolate or desert area, emphasizing the harsh and barren conditions of the wilderness where David was hiding. This setting underscores the challenges David faced while evading Saul, relying on God's provision and the loyalty of his followers. The mention of Jeshimon also serves to highlight the stark contrast between David's humble circumstances and Saul's royal position.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Ziphites
The inhabitants of Ziph, a town in the territory of Judah. They previously betrayed David to Saul in 1 Samuel 23, showing a pattern of loyalty to Saul over David.

2. Saul
The first king of Israel, who is in pursuit of David due to jealousy and fear of losing his throne. Saul's relentless pursuit of David is a central theme in this account.

3. David
The anointed future king of Israel, who is on the run from Saul. David's faith and reliance on God are tested during this period of persecution.

4. Gibeah
Saul's hometown and the location of his royal residence. It serves as a base for Saul's operations against David.

5. Hill of Hachilah
A specific location in the wilderness where David is hiding. It is significant as a place of refuge and strategic advantage for David.

6. Jeshimon
A desert area, indicating the harsh and desolate conditions David is enduring while fleeing from Saul.

Teaching Points

Faithfulness in Adversity
David's experience teaches us to remain faithful to God even when others betray us or when we face difficult circumstances.

The Danger of Jealousy
Saul's pursuit of David is driven by jealousy, reminding us of the destructive power of envy and the importance of guarding our hearts.

God's Sovereignty
Despite human schemes, God's plan for David's kingship prevails, illustrating the sovereignty of God over our lives.

Responding to Betrayal
David's response to the Ziphites and Saul can inspire us to respond to betrayal with grace and trust in God's justice.

Seeking God's Guidance
In times of trouble, like David, we should seek God's guidance and protection, trusting in His provision and timing.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the repeated betrayal by the Ziphites challenge David's faith, and what can we learn from his response?

2. In what ways does Saul's pursuit of David illustrate the destructive nature of jealousy, and how can we apply this lesson to our own lives?

3. How does David's experience in the wilderness reflect the theme of God's sovereignty, and where else in Scripture do we see this theme?

4. How can we apply Jesus' teaching in Matthew 5:44 to David's situation with Saul, and what practical steps can we take to love our enemies?

5. Reflect on a time when you felt betrayed or pursued unjustly. How can David's reliance on God during his trials encourage you in your own situation?

Connections to Other Scriptures

1 Samuel 23
The Ziphites previously betrayed David to Saul, highlighting their consistent opposition to David.

Psalm 54
A psalm attributed to David when the Ziphites betrayed him, expressing his trust in God's deliverance.

Matthew 5:44
Jesus' teaching on loving enemies, which can be related to David's attitude towards Saul despite being pursued.