1 Samuel 23:16

And Saul's son Jonathan came to David in Horesh and strengthened his hand in God,

Study Bible

And Saul’s son Jonathan
The mention of "Saul’s son Jonathan" immediately places this narrative within the context of a complex relationship. Jonathan, the son of King Saul, is a figure of loyalty and friendship, despite his father’s animosity towards David. The Hebrew name "Jonathan" (יְהוֹנָתָן) means "Yahweh has given," which is fitting as Jonathan is portrayed as a divine gift of friendship to David. His actions are a testament to the power of covenantal friendship, transcending familial and political tensions.

came to David
The phrase "came to David" signifies a deliberate and courageous action. Jonathan’s journey to David, who is in hiding, underscores his commitment and bravery. In the historical context, this act of coming to David is fraught with danger, as Saul is actively seeking David’s life. Jonathan’s visit is an act of defiance against his father’s unjust pursuit, highlighting the biblical theme of righteousness over familial allegiance.

in Horesh
"Horesh" refers to a wooded area in the Wilderness of Ziph. This location is significant as it represents a place of refuge and seclusion for David. Archaeologically, the Wilderness of Ziph is a rugged terrain, providing natural protection. Theologically, Horesh symbolizes the trials and isolation that often accompany God’s anointed, yet it is also a place where divine encounters and strengthening occur.

and strengthened his hand
The phrase "strengthened his hand" is a Hebrew idiom (חִזֵּק אֶת־יָדוֹ) meaning to encourage or support. Jonathan’s encouragement is not merely emotional but is deeply spiritual. In the biblical narrative, the "hand" often symbolizes power and action. By strengthening David’s hand, Jonathan is empowering him to continue in his God-given mission, despite the adversity he faces.

in God
The phrase "in God" is the crux of this verse. Jonathan’s encouragement is rooted not in human wisdom or strength but in divine assurance. The Hebrew word for God here is "Elohim" (אֱלֹהִים), emphasizing the majesty and power of God. Jonathan’s support directs David’s focus back to God’s promises and faithfulness. This divine-centered encouragement is a reminder of the biblical truth that true strength and courage come from reliance on God, not on human means.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Jonathan
The son of King Saul, known for his deep friendship with David. Despite his father's animosity towards David, Jonathan remains loyal and supportive.

2. David
The future king of Israel, anointed by Samuel, who is currently fleeing from King Saul's attempts to kill him. David is in a period of trial and testing.

3. Horesh
A location in the wilderness of Ziph where David is hiding from Saul. It represents a place of refuge and testing for David.

4. Saul
The first king of Israel, who is pursuing David out of jealousy and fear of losing his throne.

5. Strengthened his hand in God
This phrase indicates Jonathan's encouragement to David, reminding him of God's promises and faithfulness. The Hebrew root for "strengthened" (chazaq) implies making firm or resolute.

Teaching Points

The Power of Godly Friendship
Jonathan's visit to David exemplifies the strength and support found in godly friendships. True friends encourage us in our faith and remind us of God's promises.

Encouragement in Times of Trial
Just as Jonathan strengthened David, we are called to support and uplift others during their times of difficulty, pointing them back to God's faithfulness.

Faithfulness Despite Adversity
Jonathan's loyalty to David, despite his father's opposition, teaches us about remaining faithful to God's purposes and our commitments, even when it is challenging.

Trust in God's Promises
Jonathan's encouragement was rooted in God's promises to David. We should anchor our encouragement to others in the truth of God's Word.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does Jonathan's action in 1 Samuel 23:16 demonstrate the characteristics of a godly friend?

2. In what ways can we "strengthen the hand" of our friends in God today, especially during their trials?

3. Reflect on a time when a friend encouraged you in your faith. How did that impact your relationship with God?

4. How can we remain faithful to God's purposes in our lives, even when faced with opposition or adversity?

5. What other biblical examples of friendship can you think of that mirror the relationship between Jonathan and David? How do these examples inspire you in your own relationships?

Connections to Other Scriptures

1 Samuel 18:1-4
This passage describes the covenant of friendship between Jonathan and David, highlighting the depth of their bond.

Proverbs 27:17
This verse speaks to the importance of friendship and mutual encouragement, similar to Jonathan's role in David's life.

Hebrews 10:24-25
These verses encourage believers to spur one another on toward love and good deeds, reflecting Jonathan's encouragement to David.