1 Samuel 22:21

And Abiathar told David that Saul had killed the priests of the LORD.

Study Bible

And Abiathar
Abiathar, whose name means "father of abundance" or "my father excels," was the son of Ahimelech, the high priest. His survival from the massacre of the priests at Nob marks him as a significant figure in David's life. Abiathar's presence with David symbolizes the continuation of the priestly line and God's providence in preserving a remnant. Historically, Abiathar's alignment with David foreshadows the eventual establishment of David's kingdom, where Abiathar would serve as a priest, highlighting the divine orchestration in leadership and worship.

told David
The act of telling or reporting is significant in biblical narratives, often serving as a means of transferring crucial information that influences decisions and actions. Abiathar's report to David is not just a transfer of information but a pivotal moment that strengthens the bond between the future king and the priestly line. This communication underscores the importance of truth and transparency in leadership, as well as the role of divine guidance through human messengers.

that Saul
Saul, the first king of Israel, represents a tragic figure whose disobedience to God led to his downfall. His actions against the priests reflect his increasing paranoia and departure from God's will. Saul's reign, marked by initial promise but eventual failure, serves as a cautionary tale about the dangers of pride and disobedience. The mention of Saul in this context highlights the contrast between his failing kingship and the rising promise of David, a man after God's own heart.

had killed
The act of killing, especially of the LORD's priests, is a grave sin that underscores the severity of Saul's actions. In Hebrew, the word used for killing often implies a violent and unjust act, reflecting the brutality of Saul's command. This massacre is a turning point that further alienates Saul from God's favor and sets the stage for David's rise. It serves as a reminder of the sanctity of God's anointed and the severe consequences of violating divine law.

the priests of the LORD
The priests were not just religious functionaries but were seen as mediators between God and His people. Their murder by Saul is an affront to God Himself, as they were His chosen servants. This phrase emphasizes the sacredness of their office and the sacrilege of Saul's actions. Historically, the priesthood was central to Israel's identity and worship, and this event marks a significant breach in the nation's spiritual integrity. It also foreshadows the eventual establishment of a new order under David, where the priesthood would be restored and honored.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Abiathar
The son of Ahimelech, the high priest. He escaped the massacre of the priests at Nob and fled to David, becoming a loyal supporter and serving as a priest during David's reign.

2. David
The future king of Israel, anointed by Samuel, who was at this time a fugitive from King Saul. David represents God's chosen leader, in contrast to Saul's disobedience.

3. Saul
The first king of Israel, who had turned away from God's commands. His jealousy and fear of David led him to commit the atrocity of killing the priests at Nob.

4. Priests of the LORD
The priests at Nob, led by Ahimelech, who were killed by Saul's command. This event highlights Saul's increasing departure from God's will.

5. Nob
A city of priests, where the tabernacle was located at the time. It became the site of Saul's brutal massacre, illustrating the consequences of his disobedience.

Teaching Points

The Consequences of Disobedience
Saul's actions against the priests demonstrate the severe consequences of turning away from God's commands. Disobedience can lead to destructive outcomes not only for the individual but also for others.

God's Sovereignty and Justice
Despite the tragedy at Nob, God's plan continues through David. This reminds us that God's purposes prevail even in the face of human sinfulness.

The Role of the Priesthood
Abiathar's survival and service to David underscore the importance of the priesthood in guiding and supporting God's chosen leaders. It highlights the need for spiritual leadership aligned with God's will.

Seeking Refuge in God
Abiathar's flight to David symbolizes seeking refuge in God's anointed. In times of trouble, we are encouraged to seek God's presence and protection.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the massacre at Nob illustrate the consequences of Saul's disobedience, and what can we learn about the importance of obedience to God?

2. In what ways does Abiathar's escape and alliance with David reflect God's provision and protection for His people?

3. How does the event at Nob connect to the prophecy against the house of Eli, and what does this teach us about God's justice?

4. How can we apply the lesson of seeking refuge in God's anointed, as Abiathar did with David, to our own lives today?

5. Reflect on a time when you faced opposition or injustice. How can the account of David and Abiathar encourage you to trust in God's sovereignty and justice?

Connections to Other Scriptures

1 Samuel 2:31-33
This passage contains a prophecy against the house of Eli, foretelling the downfall of his descendants, which is partially fulfilled in the massacre at Nob.

Psalm 52
Written by David concerning Doeg the Edomite, who informed Saul about David's visit to Ahimelech, leading to the massacre. This psalm reflects on the wickedness of those who oppose God's anointed.

Matthew 12:3-4
Jesus references David's visit to Ahimelech when discussing the Sabbath, highlighting the importance of mercy over ritual.