Isaiah 48:4
Strong's Lexicon
For I knew
מִדַּעְתִּ֕י (mid·da‘·tî)
Preposition-m | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct | first person common singular
Strong's Hebrew 1847: 1) knowledge 1a) knowledge, perception, skill 1b) discernment, understanding, wisdom

that
כִּ֥י ()
Conjunction
Strong's Hebrew 3588: 1) that, for, because, when, as though, as, because that, but, then, certainly, except, surely, since 1a) that 1a1) yea, indeed 1b) when (of time) 1b1) when, if, though (with a concessive force) 1c) because, since (causal connection) 1d) but (after negative) 1e) that if, for if, indeed if, for though, but if 1f) but rather, but 1g) except that 1h) only, nevertheless 1i) surely 1j) that is 1k) but if 1l) for though 1m) forasmuch as, for therefore

you
אָ֑תָּה (’āt·tāh)
Pronoun - second person masculine singular
Strong's Hebrew 859: 1) you (second pers. sing. masc.)

וְגִ֤יד (wə·ḡîḏ)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's Hebrew 1517: 1) sinew

are stubborn;
קָשֶׁ֖ה (qā·šeh)
Adjective - masculine singular
Strong's Hebrew 7186: 1) hard, cruel, severe, obstinate 1a) hard, difficult 1b) severe 1c) fierce, intense, vehement 1d) stubborn, stiff of neck, stiff-necked 1e) rigorous (of battle)

your neck
עָרְפֶּ֔ךָ (‘ā·rə·pe·ḵā)
Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine singular
Strong's Hebrew 6203: 1) neck, back of the neck, back 1a) back of the neck 1a1) of fleeing foe 1a2) of apostasy (fig.) 1b) stiff of neck, obstinate (fig.)

is iron
בַּרְזֶל֙ (bar·zel)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's Hebrew 1270: 1) iron 1a) iron 1a1) iron ore 1a2) as material of furniture, utensils, implements 2) tool of iron 3) harshness, strength, oppression (fig.)

and your forehead
וּמִצְחֲךָ֖ (ū·miṣ·ḥă·ḵā)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine singular
Strong's Hebrew 4696: 1) brow, forehead

[is] bronze.
נְחוּשָֽׁה׃ (nə·ḥū·šāh)
Noun - feminine singular
Strong's Hebrew 5154: 1) copper, bronze 1a) copper (made from melting copper ore) 1b) bronze (made from copper and alloy)

Parallel Strong's
Berean Study Bible
For I knew that you are stubborn; your neck is iron and your forehead is bronze.

Young's Literal Translation
From my knowing that thou art obstinate, And a sinew of iron thy neck, And thy forehead brass,

Holman Christian Standard Bible
Because I know that you are stubborn, and your neck is iron and your forehead bronze,

New American Standard Bible
"Because I know that you are obstinate, And your neck is an iron sinew And your forehead bronze,

King James Bible
Because I knew that thou [art] obstinate, and thy neck [is] an iron sinew, and thy brow brass;
Parallel Verses
New International Version
For I knew how stubborn you were; your neck muscles were iron, your forehead was bronze.

New Living Translation
For I know how stubborn and obstinate you are. Your necks are as unbending as iron. Your heads are as hard as bronze.

English Standard Version
Because I know that you are obstinate, and your neck is an iron sinew and your forehead brass,

New American Standard Bible
"Because I know that you are obstinate, And your neck is an iron sinew And your forehead bronze,

King James Bible
Because I knew that thou art obstinate, and thy neck is an iron sinew, and thy brow brass;

Holman Christian Standard Bible
Because I know that you are stubborn, and your neck is iron and your forehead bronze,

International Standard Version
Because I knew that you are obstinate, and because your neck is an iron sinew, and your forehead is bronze,

NET Bible
I did this because I know how stubborn you are. Your neck muscles are like iron and your forehead like bronze.

American Standard Version
Because I knew that thou art obstinate, and thy neck is an iron sinew, and thy brow brass;

English Revised Version
Because I knew that thou art obstinate, and thy neck is an iron sinew, and thy brow brass;

Young's Literal Translation
From my knowing that thou art obstinate, And a sinew of iron thy neck, And thy forehead brass,
















Cross References
Acts 7:51
Ye stiffnecked and uncircumcised in heart and ears, ye do always resist the Holy Ghost: as your fathers did, so do ye.

Exodus 32:9
And the LORD said unto Moses, I have seen this people, and, behold, it is a stiffnecked people:

Deuteronomy 31:27
For I know thy rebellion, and thy stiff neck: behold, while I am yet alive with you this day, ye have been rebellious against the LORD; and how much more after my death?

2 Chronicles 36:13
And he also rebelled against king Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him swear by God: but he stiffened his neck, and hardened his heart from turning unto the LORD God of Israel.

Proverbs 29:1
He, that being often reproved hardeneth his neck, shall suddenly be destroyed, and that without remedy.

Isaiah 46:12
Hearken unto me, ye stouthearted, that are far from righteousness:

Ezekiel 2:4
For they are impudent children and stiffhearted. I do send thee unto them; and thou shalt say unto them, Thus saith the Lord GOD.

Ezekiel 3:7
But the house of Israel will not hearken unto thee; for they will not hearken unto me: for all the house of Israel are impudent and hardhearted.

Isaiah 1:1
The vision of Isaiah the son of Amoz, which he saw concerning Judah and Jerusalem in the days of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah.

Isaiah 48:3
I have declared the former things from the beginning; and they went forth out of my mouth, and I shewed them; I did them suddenly, and they came to pass.

Isaiah 48:2
For they call themselves of the holy city, and stay themselves upon the God of Israel; The LORD of hosts is his name.
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