Psalm 109:14

May the iniquity of his fathers be remembered before the LORD, and the sin of his mother never be blotted out.

Study Bible

May the iniquity
The term "iniquity" in Hebrew is "עָוֹן" (avon), which refers to guilt or sin, often implying a moral perversity or a deviation from what is right. In the context of the Psalms, it often denotes a deep-seated wrongdoing that has consequences not only for the individual but also for their descendants. This plea for remembrance of iniquity underscores the seriousness with which sin is regarded in the biblical narrative, emphasizing the need for repentance and divine forgiveness.

of his fathers
The phrase "of his fathers" points to the generational aspect of sin. In ancient Israelite culture, the actions of one's ancestors were seen as having a profound impact on the present and future generations. This reflects the biblical principle that the consequences of sin can extend beyond the individual, affecting families and communities. It serves as a reminder of the importance of righteous living and the potential long-term effects of one's actions.

be remembered
The Hebrew word for "remembered" is "זָכַר" (zakar), which means to recall or bring to mind. In the biblical context, when God "remembers" something, it signifies an active engagement with that memory, often leading to action. Here, the psalmist is invoking God to actively consider the sins of the past, suggesting a desire for divine justice or intervention.

before the LORD
This phrase emphasizes the presence and authority of God in matters of justice and morality. "Before the LORD" indicates that the plea is made in the sight of God, who is the ultimate judge. It reflects the belief that God is omniscient and sovereign, aware of all actions and capable of enacting justice according to His divine will.

and the sin of his mother
The mention of "the sin of his mother" highlights the personal and familial nature of sin. In the Hebrew tradition, both paternal and maternal lines were significant in understanding one's identity and spiritual heritage. This phrase suggests that sin is not limited to one side of the family but can be pervasive, affecting all aspects of one's lineage.

never be blotted out
The concept of sin being "blotted out" is a powerful image in the Hebrew Bible, where the term "מָחָה" (machah) is used, meaning to wipe away or obliterate. In this context, the psalmist is asking that the sins remain visible and unforgotten, contrasting with the usual plea for forgiveness where sins are erased. This reflects a call for accountability and a desire for justice, rather than mercy, in response to wrongdoing.

Persons / Places / Events

1. David
Traditionally attributed as the author of Psalm 109, David is expressing a deep lament and imprecation against his enemies.

2. Enemies of David
The psalm is a plea for justice against those who have wronged David, possibly referring to specific adversaries during his reign.

3. The LORD
The ultimate judge and authority to whom David appeals for justice and remembrance of iniquity.

4. Fathers and Mothers
Represents the generational aspect of sin and iniquity, emphasizing the continuity of wrongdoing through lineage.

5. Israel
The broader context of the psalm is within the nation of Israel, where communal and generational sin was a significant concern.

Teaching Points

Generational Sin and Responsibility
The verse highlights the concept of generational sin, urging believers to be aware of the spiritual legacy they inherit and pass on.

The Role of Memory in Justice
David's plea for God to remember iniquity underscores the importance of divine justice and the role of memory in holding wrongdoers accountable.

The Power of Prayer in Seeking Justice
This psalm is a reminder of the power of prayer in seeking God's intervention and justice in situations of personal injustice.

Balancing Justice and Mercy
While the psalm calls for remembrance of sin, believers are also called to balance justice with mercy, reflecting God's character.

Personal Reflection on Sin
Encourages personal reflection on one's own life and the impact of sin, urging repentance and seeking God's forgiveness.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the concept of generational sin in Psalm 109:14 challenge or affirm your understanding of personal responsibility in your spiritual life?

2. In what ways can you relate the plea for divine justice in this psalm to situations in your own life where you have felt wronged?

3. How do the connections to Exodus 20:5 and Ezekiel 18:20 help you understand the balance between generational sin and individual accountability?

4. What practical steps can you take to ensure that you are leaving a positive spiritual legacy for future generations?

5. How can you incorporate the balance of justice and mercy in your daily interactions with others, reflecting the character of God?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Exodus 20:5
This verse speaks about the iniquity of the fathers being visited upon the children, highlighting the generational consequences of sin.

Deuteronomy 5:9
Similar to Exodus, it underscores the idea of generational accountability and the impact of parental sin on descendants.

Ezekiel 18:20
Contrasts the idea by emphasizing individual responsibility for sin, showing a balance in scriptural teaching.

Jeremiah 31:29-30
Discusses the proverb about sour grapes and the shift towards individual accountability in the new covenant.